Research validates that although high self-esteem, or egotism, is thought to be a positive trait to betray that it often leads to destructive consequences. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that “The combination of narcissism and insult led to exceptionally high levels of aggression toward the source of the insult” (Bushman). Aggression was a manifestation of the self’s dismissal of the esteem-threatening assessments from others. …show more content…
Iago experiences what psychologists identify as social rejection. He, an ambitious Venetian soldier seeking promotion in the army is denied advancement and in simplistic terms his feelings are hurt. Iago experiences social rejection, which inflicts emotional pain that is very similar to physical pain (Weir). Mark Leary, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, states “Rejection has serious implications for an individual’s psychological state and for society in general” (Weir). Being excluded, or in Iago’s situation overlooked for promotion, can cause emotional and cognitive concerns. Researchers have found that “social rejection increases anger, anxiety, depression, jealously and sadness” (Wier). Many people respond to rejection by lashing out because they want to regain control and by showing aggression they are able to force others to pay attention to them. Iago lashes out by scheming against Othello. Other characters in the play are oblivious to Iago’s deception and schema; however his callous actions are his way of lashing out. Also, when people act aggressively, they’re less likely to gain social acceptance, which is how Iago becomes viewed as the villain in the