Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is perhaps one of the most notable and widespread neurological diseases that involves the degeneration of the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve cells (Kira 2006). The demyelination of these nerve cells can lead to nerve damage that can hinder communication between the brain and the body, thus ultimately resulting in slowed and impaired motor, sensory, and cognitive function (Chiaravalloti and DeLuca 2008). The deterioration of the myelin sheaths results from an immune response against the central nervous system (CNS), thus categorizing MS as an immune-mediated disorder (Kira 2006). MS is currently affecting 400,000 people in the U.S. and over 2.1 million people worldwide (Tullman 2013). With a staggering diagnosis rate of 10,000 new cases per year, MS has gained great momentum in both prevalence and recognition.
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Endogenous factors such as genetics and a dysfunctional immune system play a massive role in the development of MS. Studies have shown that a family history of MS can increase the risk of developing the disease (Sawcer et al. 2011). Furthermore, exogenous factors such as viral infections can also contribute to the development of MS by triggering an immunological response in the body and ultimately initiating the primary steps of the disease (Andersen et al. 1993). The link between pathogens and MS, however, still lacks concrete evidence and requires more research. Environmental factors such as sunlight are also thought to play a role in the etiology of the disease. Some studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing MS increases at higher latitudes where sunlight exposure is decreased (Smolders et al. 2008). Currently, however, the root cause of MS remains
Endogenous factors such as genetics and a dysfunctional immune system play a massive role in the development of MS. Studies have shown that a family history of MS can increase the risk of developing the disease (Sawcer et al. 2011). Furthermore, exogenous factors such as viral infections can also contribute to the development of MS by triggering an immunological response in the body and ultimately initiating the primary steps of the disease (Andersen et al. 1993). The link between pathogens and MS, however, still lacks concrete evidence and requires more research. Environmental factors such as sunlight are also thought to play a role in the etiology of the disease. Some studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing MS increases at higher latitudes where sunlight exposure is decreased (Smolders et al. 2008). Currently, however, the root cause of MS remains