Moral Evil In Voltaire's 'Candide'

Improved Essays
Throughout Voltaire’s writing of Candide, there were multiple examples of moral evil and a few about physical evil. Moral evil is the final cause of commitment to a bad decision that is followed by a chain of negative occurrences such as murder, cruelty, selfishness, arrogance, stealing, racism, the exclusion of people, and no compassion for others. Physical evil, which is also known as natural evil, can be described as natural catastrophes, such a earthquakes, diseases and storms.
The very first examples of moral evil were social snobbery and pride, which lead to Candide being kicked out of the castle of the Baron of Thunder-Ten-Tronckh in the very beginning of the book. These same reasons apply to the Baron’s son, the Jesuit, who refused
…show more content…
Preachers in Surinam persecuted Martin because they thought he was a Socinian, which were people that did not believe in the Trinity and denied original sin.
Cunégonde and her servant the Old Woman, formally known as Princess of Palestrina, both experienced sexual slavery. The Old Woman also experienced fraud and duplicity when the eunuch promised her back to Italy but sold her as a slave instead. The Dutch pirate stole Candide’s riches in Surinam.
Bad medical practice is also a moral evil. While in Paris, Candide is almost dies because of the terrible medical practices. While he was ill, a local curate tried to extort him by attempting to force Candide to buy a certificate of orthodoxy so he’d be buried in hallow ground.
Disease was the first physical evil that was introduced in Candide. Voltaire specifically describes syphilis. It is sexually transmitted but that doesn’t make it any less of a physical evil. Candide, Pangloss, and Jacques were aboard a ship during a dreadful storm and it sank as they were approaching Lisbon. Then there was the earthquake that struck which caused fire and tidal waves that destroyed one of the most beautiful cities in Europe and caused a large amount of deaths and

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    This is neither the first nor the last instance that Voltaire uses satire in “Candide.” It is first noticed in this passage during the long-winded title of Pangloss’s education, “metaphysico-theologico-cosmoloonigology,” (256). Here Voltaire is saying that Pangloss believes himself to be proficient in everything, combining metaphysics, theology, and cosmology, covering the basics of science and philosophy. It is once again displayed in the objects used to clarify Pangloss’s belief that all things serve a purpose, and all things happen for the best. Voltaire uses satire to express his lack of respect for the religions that believe all things, even the catastrophic, happen for a reason that is ultimately good.…

    • 633 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Furthermore, Candide serves as a source of historical information in this class. I feel this book portrays one person’s view of historical content relevant to the period of the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. Even more, since Voltaire was born and lived during this period, I feel he could have used some of his personal experiences in this book. He could have incorporated what he saw and based some of the characters from the people he knew. I feel like this is a good source of historical information because it has allowed me to experience history in a new way.…

    • 193 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Countless people have different viewpoints on what the word “evil” means; Dictionary.com interprets evil as “morally wrong or bad; immoral; wicked”. In the book East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Cathy Ames (Kate Trask/Albey) and Caleb (Cal) Trask are both regarded as characters of “evil” nature. The narrator explicitly states that the reason Cathy is evil is due to the fact that people that are evil are just not “born whole”. This means that she was born with the only ability to be bad and she lacked the ability to understand what being good even is. In this story Cal believes that because of the evil in his blood passed down from his mother, Cathy, it must be his destiny to be someone that is evil regardless of his completely good “father” Adam.…

    • 838 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Voltaire`s first attack is shown when Pangloss and three others were burned for reasons like not eating bacon. “It was decided by the university of Coimbre that the sight of several persons being slowly burned in great ceremony is an infallible secret for preventing earthquakes” (242). The story of the old woman shows the most abuses of the Church. “I am the daughter of Pope Urban X and the Princess of Palestrina. Until I was fourteen I was brought up in a palace to which all the castles of your German Barons would not have served as stables; and one of my dresses cost more than all the magnificence of Westphalia” (253).…

    • 1062 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Voltaire used this case of Pangloss still aggressively pushing his thoughts of the Enlightenment to prove that he is someone that is lost in his own thoughts and ideas. Every character in Candide is stereotypical and would not fit in with anyone in the real world. Pangloss fails to retract and look and the bigger picture of things while making his logical arguments. The characters fail to make their decisions on their own freely; instead they attempt to fit in with the ideas of the enlightenment.…

    • 1051 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Religious Hypocrisy in Candide The concept of religious hypocrisy exists throughout the history of civilization and has led to strong opposition against organized religion. This theme was commonly addressed in the Enlightenment period, when Europeans began to evaluate the consequences of oppression caused by the Roman Catholic Church. Among these Europeans was a rebellious intellectual, Voltaire, who openly criticized the religious system in his literature. An example of his work is “Candide,” a story that portrays characters who hold positions in the church as immoral and disreputable.…

    • 808 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As indicated by Pangloss: Things can 't be other than as they seem to be. For, everything having been made for a reason, everything is essentially for the best reason (Voltaire 2). Voltaire assaults this sort of religious positive thinking that energizes daze religious confidence and demonstrates its defects through Candide 's shocking encounters amid his excursion around the globe, for example, the suffocating of Jacques the Anabaptist, the Lisbon Earthquake and the hanging of Pangloss. After these horrendous encounters, Candide questions regardless of whether these debacles truly are for the best in the "most ideal of all universes. " Why, he asks, would it be able to be God 's will that such awful things keep on happening?…

    • 1406 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Candide comes to the realization that even when you do good things you don’t always get good things back in return. He shows you throughout the story how tough and hard the world is and how it’s a struggle to survive. To me Candide is a reflection of philosophical views and values of the enlightenment was anti-feudalism. Voltaire novels satire of the old regime ideology, that critic’s society, religion and political ideas of that time.…

    • 1069 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Mankind creates all of the constructs that it places upon itself, negatively impacting their experience in this world. Corruption in government, religion, and even romance are all things that someone can take steps to avoid but chose not to because one feels the desire and lust for power and other idiotic things, and in the midst, think they are pursuing a happy life. Candide is a satirical novel written by Voltaire, that highlights and exposes this false logic. The book can and still will have different interpretations.…

    • 853 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Under the guise of sarcasm and an erratic and fantastical plot, Voltaire’s Candide examines human nature and the human condition in the context of an 18th century France. This is done so not only through the derision of philosophical positions such as Optimism and Pessimism, but also of the religious intolerance of that day. It may seem at first that Voltaire views humanity in a dismal light and merely locates its deficiencies, but in fact he also reveals attributes of redemption in it, and thus his view of human nature is altogether much more balanced and multi-faceted. The world in which Voltaire lived was marked by two diurnal events of significance in the backdrop: firstly that of the gradual decay of the ancien régime, the term given to…

    • 1608 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The United States of America was founded upon religious toleration, which was brought over by the Puritan society. Between the Puritan time period and the Fuller and Wayland period, there have been three forms of slaves used within the United States. The first form of slavery was the indigent servants system, people; mostly men would come over to America and work for seven years in exchange for several acres of land in which to live off of. The problem with this form of slavery was that most of the indigent servants never lived for the full seven years they needed to work. The settlers of early America then decided that Native Americans would be good way to solve the void of slaves in society after the indigent servant system failed.…

    • 1290 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Candide: Class and Wealth In his novel Candide, Voltaire uses satire to show the folly of wealth and class status. One of the major themes of the novel is how those with wealth and higher social class corrupt and gain power over others. The classes, the poor and the wealthy, are often in conflict with each other, and wealth is often fleeting—gone as fast as it was obtained. Candide, the naïve protagonist of the story, encounters many examples of injustice throughout his journey of love and enlightenment.…

    • 736 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Martin shaped Candide’s personal ideology as it allows him to see that there is indeed evil in the world as “crime is sometimes punished. That rogue of a Dutch captain has had the fate he deserved.. but why should the passengers have perished too? God has punished a scoundrel, but the devil has drowned the rest” (Voltaire 94) in order to be a foil for Pangloss’s theory of optimism. This continued as the money that Candide was given from El Dorado had given him more trouble than its worth as he continuously got scammed and robbed which emphasized how defective the society he returned to was.…

    • 887 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Utilizing virtually every character in a satirical sense throughout his 1759 novel Candide, Enlightenment author Voltaire squandered no time with his chance to convey any perspective he held when concerned with idle philosophers of his time and their theories of theodicy. Particularly, G.W. von Leibniz. Through the character Pangloss - a passionate philosopher, stubborn scholar, and faithful friend to the novel's protagonist - Voltaire makes sure to often allude towards the impracticality of said theories and concepts, fabricating a character who, in spite of how ridiculous he comes across to the reader, plays a crucial role as the naive allegory in the overall theme of Candide. It is more or less inarguable that Pangloss and the unrealistic beliefs he possesses are the prime focus of satirical elements used in Candide. Introduced as the mentor and tutor to the novel's appropriately named hero, Candide, the entire character…

    • 640 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Gender Roles In Candide

    • 1622 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Voltaire’s Candide: Women’s Role in Society Women during the 1700s, the time period during which the novel is set, understood they had very little power; and it was only through men that they could exert any influence. Women at this time were seen as mere objects that acted as conciliation prizes for the gain of power and their sole use was for reproduction. Maintaining the duty of tiding the home and looking after the children, no outlet for an education or a chance to make a voice for themselves. Men acted as the leading voice in society, making all substantial decisions for women. The hierarchy of genders was ever so present and was based on the physical differences between men and women.…

    • 1622 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays