The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire survived into the Middle Ages while the Western Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century CE because the Byzantine Empire had a more favorable geographical location, was more urbanized, densely populated, and wealthier. The Eastern Roman Empire managed to survive from external threats because its capital, Constantinople, was situated “between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea.” Constantinople’s location on a peninsula empowered…
Contrary to popular belief, the Mongols were a civilized and sophisticated empire with a beneficial influence on Eurasia through implementing strict law and order, accepting different religions, and developing new innovations. The success of the empire was credited to their strict law and order. For instance, pack animals “could be left unattended because of the severity of (Mongol) laws against theft” (Document 7) including consequences such as, “being burned alive upside-down” (Document 5). This displays how fear allowed for low crime rates, protecting travelers and allowing them prosper in trade. In addition, the Mongols conquered cultures with the belief that “karma” was the consequences to one’s actions.…
In 1095, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I contacted Pope Urban II about the growing threat of Turkish Armies taking over Constantinople and Jerusalem. Alexius was in dire need of help, so he turned to Pope Urban II. Alexius turned to get help from Western Europe because although they were conflicting regions, they were all Christians, and therefore had the same, or very similar religious beliefs. Pope Urban II agreed to the idea and began creating what is now known as the Crusades. Although some may argue that the Crusades were an effect of financial benefit, they were primarily the result of Pope Urban II’s calling, the promise made of immediate remission of sins, and the belief that anything gained was the will of God.…
The expansion of the Mongol Empire in 13th century definitely made a difference in the later ruling policies and decision-making conditions of both east and central Asia. As the fifth generation descendant of Timur, who is also a offspring of Genghis Khan, Babur was the Mughal Emperor of India. In his ruling policies, he adopted Genghis Khan’s ruling policies in multiple ways. Just as other descendants of Genghis Khan, Babur “possessed a core of family loyalists”, continuing a family-centered empire.…
Like a permanent marker, the Byzantine Empire dried up over time, but still left marks on our world which will be there forever. In 323 CE, an emperor by the name of Constantine gained control of the Roman Empire and made two incredible changes that drastically changed it for the rest of its time. Constantine legalized the Christian religion and moved the capital of Rome to Byzantine, now known as Istanbul. Other incredible emperors, such as Justinian, were famous for writing "Justinian's Code". Throughout the course of its existence, the Byzantine Empire constantly expanded and collapsed, until it finally ended for good in 1453.…
A compromise between King Richard the Lion-hearted of England and the Muslim leader Saladin brought the end of the third crusade in 1192, who granted access to Christians to the holy places (Sumption 74). A fourth crusade led to Constantinople being sacked, where the Latin Kingdom of Byzantium was set up in 1204 and lasted for nearly 60 years. In 1212, a children’s crusade ended with a thousands of children being sold into slavery, lost or even killed. Some less disastrous but equally futile crusade appeared until nearly the 13th century end, and the last outpost in the Muslim world fell in…
Otherwise Russians were left alone, free to practise their religions, and do whatever they wish, within reason. The Mongol officials even punished those who desecrated the Orthodox church, and they followed a different faith. Military arrangement, and administrative practises were altered during the period they were part of the Mongolian Empire. “The Russian people, as one Russian historian pointed out, "were trained by the Mongols to take orders, to pay taxes, and to supply soldiers without delay." They carried over these habits into later centuries, making them excellent subjects for future czars,” (Esler).…
The Mongols were a nomadic group of people that originated in Central Asia. The leader, Genghis Khan, organized the people and used superb military tactics to conquer others and eventually established the largest empire in the world to this day. The Mongols controlled most of the Middle East and adopted many of the Muslim Empire’s techniques for success mainly influencing society, while varying aspects of their government. However, Islam continued to grow and influence society even under Mongol control and after it as well. The empire spanned from China to East of Turkey in the West, and from Russia in the North to Tibet in the South.…
There has been a long-standing and prevalent Eurocentric view of history--today’s relatively stronger economic power of the Western countries, such as European countries, the United States, and even Japan, is inevitable due to the innate superiority of European Enlightenment thoughts, Christian religion, and later industrial developments. (Marks 2-3) However plausible, this view of history is absurdly wrong when examined under the light of reality. Back into the 13th century, most of the world is connected with dynamic trade and communication between diverse cultural groups. Among those involved this world system, from the 13th to the 18th century, Asia acted as a vital political, cultural, and economical player and Europe was far from domination…
The Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Carpathian Mountains at its height, making it the largest contiguous empire in history. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206, and at its height, encompassed the majority of territories from southeast Asia to central Europe. An empire arose in the steppes of Mongolia in the thirteenth century that forever changed the map of the world, opened intercontinental trade, spawned new nations, changed the course of leadership in two religions, and impacted history indirectly in a myriad of other ways. At its height, the Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in history, stretching from the Sea of Japan to the Carpathian Mountains. Although its impact on Eurasia during…
The Mongols created the largest empire in all of history. The land they had conquered is more than two times that of the next greatest conqueror, Alexander the Great. But unlike Alexander, who is often remembered as a hero, the legacy of the Mongols is one of brutality and barbarism. But in truth, these so-called “barbarians” were, in fact, not very barbaric at all. Recent discoveries challenged the long-accepted statement of Mongols being savage brutes, suggesting that they were perhaps wrongly labelled; the facts about them were twisted and lost to history.…
The Mongols were the most successful empire during the time period. The Mongols were the most successful because they practiced different things. The Mongols had an empire bigger than the Romans for a few reasons. The Mongols had one of the most dominant militaries during their empire.…
The Mongols and the Europeans had many characteristics that were similar and characteristics that set them apart. They both had strong attributes that set them apart from any other group of people; they were powerful in their own way. It was the Mongols during the third wave civilizations era that created the largest and influential empire of that millennium. Their empire reached all the way to Eastern Europe and it was the Mongols that brought regions together into a single interacting network. The Comparing and contrasting of two expansive cultures will provide us with a better understand of how their connection pushed us into the global integration of the modern era.…
The Mongolian and Roman Empires were both vast and expansive empires. Both societies were able to accomplish tasks that no other empire had previously achieved. Although both empires were extremely successful in very similar ways, there were many differences between the two vast empires. This paper will explore both the similarities and differences between the two sprawling empires. Similarities…
The Mongol Empire (1200 – 1400 CE) was arguably the largest land empire of the time. To date, it is the second largest empire in landmass ever, second only to the British Empire. At its height, it had covered an area of over 33 million km3; it is estimated to have had a population of over 100 million people. The expansive empire was birthed through the leadership of Genghis Khan in 1206 [also referred to as Chinggis Khan]. It stretched from China to the east to as far as current day Iraq to the west (Brent, 1976).…