AN ANALYSIS ON MILITARY AND LAND REFORM
IN THE 19TH CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE
The happenings of the 19th century were generated an important milestone in terms of economic, social and political realms and the Ottoman Empire was not irresponsive to the groundbreaking new order that originates in the Western Europe. Two centuries ago, the world experienced industrial revolution, which had irreversible effects, and since then, the economic growth rates and GDP per capita increased dramatically in the whole world yet, with huge differences among the countries in terms of development. The best concept to define 19th century economy is divergence that refers to widening gap between the drastic economic development of the West and lagging behind Turkey. …show more content…
Recent debates about economic history make a distinction between the proximate causes, which mainly focus on the technology, investment and production, and deeper causes of the economic development, which are increasingly seen as more crucial determinants of economic development and of long-term differences in GDP per capita between countries. This latter puts forward an extended scope by adding social and political spheres and institutions, which paved the way for the implementation of these investments and determine the extent of their …show more content…
This era witnessed the industrial revolution in the Europe, which is accompanied by using of new techniques and machinery in every sphere including military. III. Selim was aware of the developments in the West and tried to ameliorate the Janissaries and then established a new army, Nizam-ı Cedid, in accordance with the new technology by inviting European – especially French- officers as educators and consulters. However, in the Ottoman Empire, the modernization movements were equated with reforms and reforms always meant more tax collection. This new military project was expensive and it did not please the people, the Janissaries and the ulema. As different groups and individuals profit from different institutions, there occurs a conflict over the choice of institutions and the change is driven by the balance of power between different groups. In this case, the reforms of III. Selim could not receive support from the other groups, and his reforms ended up with dethronement and decapitation of the
IN THE 19TH CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE
The happenings of the 19th century were generated an important milestone in terms of economic, social and political realms and the Ottoman Empire was not irresponsive to the groundbreaking new order that originates in the Western Europe. Two centuries ago, the world experienced industrial revolution, which had irreversible effects, and since then, the economic growth rates and GDP per capita increased dramatically in the whole world yet, with huge differences among the countries in terms of development. The best concept to define 19th century economy is divergence that refers to widening gap between the drastic economic development of the West and lagging behind Turkey. …show more content…
Recent debates about economic history make a distinction between the proximate causes, which mainly focus on the technology, investment and production, and deeper causes of the economic development, which are increasingly seen as more crucial determinants of economic development and of long-term differences in GDP per capita between countries. This latter puts forward an extended scope by adding social and political spheres and institutions, which paved the way for the implementation of these investments and determine the extent of their …show more content…
This era witnessed the industrial revolution in the Europe, which is accompanied by using of new techniques and machinery in every sphere including military. III. Selim was aware of the developments in the West and tried to ameliorate the Janissaries and then established a new army, Nizam-ı Cedid, in accordance with the new technology by inviting European – especially French- officers as educators and consulters. However, in the Ottoman Empire, the modernization movements were equated with reforms and reforms always meant more tax collection. This new military project was expensive and it did not please the people, the Janissaries and the ulema. As different groups and individuals profit from different institutions, there occurs a conflict over the choice of institutions and the change is driven by the balance of power between different groups. In this case, the reforms of III. Selim could not receive support from the other groups, and his reforms ended up with dethronement and decapitation of the