Microbiome Of Schizophrenia Essay

Improved Essays
Abstract
For the study, the researchers concentrated on the microbiome of the oropharynx, the area of throat located at the back of the mouth, including the back third of the tongue, soft palate, tonsils and side and back walls of the throat. Research prior from the team pinpointed differences in one facet of throat bacteria between people with schizophrenia and people without the disorder. In the new study, the researchers focused on the complete totality of microorganisms and their collective genetic material present in or on the human body or in another environment. The researchers looked at the viruses, bacteria, and fungi present in 16 individuals with schizophrenia and 16 control participants. The results require repeated studies and expansion for further confirmation but researchers were able to report astounding differences between the microbiome of schizophrenia patients and those of the control participants. The control participants were vast in microbe species but less even in their distribution than the participants with schizophrenia. A potential staggering factor is that while 10 of the 16 participants with schizophrenia smoked, none of the control participants did, as some
…show more content…
The lead author Eduardo Castro-Nallar stated that a region of the throat named the oropharynx showed to contain diverse levels of oral bacteria in people with schizophrenia than in people who do not have the disorder (2015). Castro-Nallar said “Specifically, our analyses have shown an association between microbes such as lactic acid bacteria and schizophrenics(2015),”. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the viruses, bacteria and fungi found living on and surrounding the human body-known as the microbiome-can impact the development of the brain, attitude and

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Gut Microbiota

    • 621 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Many of the studies involving the link between gut microbiota and the brain, are influenced by Autism spectrum disorder. Research shows that approximately 90% of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder also have severe to moderate gut issues. Studies have shown that those with Autism, had far fewer types of bacteria, thus making the gut more vulnerable to attack for disease causing pathogens. Studies have also noted that there was a difference in the bacteria found of those with Autism Vs. those without.…

    • 621 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    On a more serious note, the relationship between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia onset dominates human behavior studies. A meta-analysis of 50 studies concluded that T. gondii confers an intermediate risk, with schizophrenics 2.7 times more likely to have anti-T. gondii antibodies than the general population 85. Studies of infected schizophrenics have identified reductions in grey matter volume and white-matter relative to non-infected 86, and schizophrenics show elevated levels IL-12, IL-1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α chronically, and IL-6 and IL-1β acutely 87 - the same cytokines seen during T. gondii activation of the immune system. Other epidemiological correlations include the fact that up-regulation and morphological changes in microglia are seen in both T. gondii infection and schizophrenia 88; that both schizophrenia and T. gondii infection are marked by increased levels of dopamine 75, 89; and that high levels of kynurenic acid (a metabolite of tryptophan catabolism by the parasite) have been found in CSF serum samples of schizophrenics 90. There is some speculation that the onset of schizophrenia may be induced by reactivation, rather than acute infection due to the fact that elevated levels of anti-T. gondii IgM are not seen in first onset…

    • 716 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Several contrasting theories maintain different etiological or predisposing factors of schizophrenia. An increasing number of reports have indicated that several ecological invectives throughout a child’s early years, for instance sexual, physical, or emotional…

    • 1793 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Society has dealt with detrimental illnesses for centuries, but have now recently began to dissect the many levels of mental disorders. The condition of mental illness affects an individuals’ overall wellness, emotional state and ability to function normally on a daily basis. Mental illnesses such as, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety and phobias were commonly known and treated throughout time. But, in the late 19th century a new and severe mental illness was discovered, known as, Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is produced by a number of external and internal components such as, genes, environment, level of emotional and physical stress and many other factors.…

    • 924 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting many people in the United States alone. This mental illness is one which makes everyday life incredibly difficult for the suffering patient and his or her family, especially when it is left untreated. Unfortunately, there are a great number of cases of schizophrenia which go unreported and under-diagnosed due to the stigma attached to this particular condition. When this happens, the patient is likely to suffer a poor quality of life for an unnecessarily longer period of time than if treatment had been sought sooner. This is a sad and horrifying reality, and in the United States, people should be working toward removing the negative stigma attached to schizophrenia and its related treatments,…

    • 401 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    According to Huffman and Sanderson (2014), Schizophrenia means “split mind,”but when Eugen Bleuler coined the term in 1911, he was referring to the fragmenting of thought processes and emotion (p. 350). The disorders occurred when a person has their onset in the mid to late teen years. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of schizophrenia is DSM-IV. Schizophrenia is one of the most traumatic mental disorders characterized by “delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or motor behavior, and negative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression” (Huffman and Sanderson, 2014, p.338). People living with the mental illness have a negative effects in their lives as well of their families and their communities.…

    • 1534 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Schizophrenia has been around for many years, the word itself is about 100 years old. There have been written documents traced all the way back to Egypt and its Pharaonic Era. Symptoms such as dementia and depression have been found in the Book of Hearts, which is a chapter in the Ebers Papyrus, a medical journal of the Egyptians. During the Pharaonic Era, the symptoms were much harder to understand than they are today. The population may have had an awareness of psychotic behaviors, there wasn’t any kind of condition that would meet today’s criteria of schizophrenia.…

    • 1362 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The main idea of this podcast was the identification of everyone’s unique microbiome, and how does it change when introduced to new microbes. First, was the fact that every individual has their own microbial ecosystem specific to themselves. Where one lives and what someone eats can define the makeup of these ecosystems on the skin, in the mouth, and in the gut. These items are relevant to the classroom in that we must be aware of this dynamic ecosystem, especially when prescribing antibiotics. Results from the handshake experiment conducted in the podcast showed evidence that there can be subtle changes in the microbiome after a handshake, but that these changes are not permanent.…

    • 441 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The biological model suggests that mental illnesses have a physical cause, for example, an illness which could have been caused by an infection, genes, brain biochemistry or neuroanatomy (Cardwell and Flanagan, 2005). Bacterial and viral infections can damage the brain, resulting in a malfunction. An example of this is general paralysis of the insane, which is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a sexually transmitted infection called syphilis. Brown et al. , (2000) discovered a link between infections of the respiratory system in pregnant women in the second trimester and the following development of schizophrenia in adulthood.…

    • 1248 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Schizophrenia is a mental disease, symptoms can begin as early as teen years, but is mostly seen in early and late adulthood, men can being to show symptoms in their early 20’s while women show symptoms in their late 20’s. Schizophrenia is known to cause people with this mental disorder to be unable to distinguish what’s real and what’s unreal, and requires lifelong treatment. It is known as a cognitive disorder in which causes behavior effects that are known to cause hallucinations, depression, disorganized speech, paranoia and delusions. There is no known cause for schizophrenia but is believed it could be brought on by genetics and environmental factors such as stress. Researchers believe that neurotransmitters (dopamine and glutamate) are…

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Two Leading Theory

    • 84 Words
    • 1 Pages

    Another leading theory is prenatal and perinatal factors, brain development defects that occur in fetal life. Environmental influences interfere with genetically programmed brain development, which leads to variations in neural development (McCance and Huether, 551). One link that has been reported is between schizophrenia and viral infections during pregnancy. Complications during delivery may also be associated with increased risk factors for schizophrenia. These would include a difficult delivery, prenatal and perinatal hypoxia.…

    • 84 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Schizophrenia is one of the most complex and severe mental health disorders. Globally 1 percent of the population is diagnosed with schizophrenia, and roughly 1.2 percent of Americans have the disorder (Nemade & Dombeck, 2009). Schizophrenia is a lifelong progressive brain disorder, which is characterized by periods of psychosis. Currently, schizophrenia can be treated but not cured. No single factor is thought to cause schizophrenia; rather multiple factors contribute to the development of this disorder (Atchison & Dirette, 2012).…

    • 627 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    and they also agree that an environmental role is a big factor such as exposure to a virus during infancy or a prenatal exposure, complications during birth, malnutrition before birth, parental loss or separation, and physical or sexual abuse play a big role in triggering this disorder (Smith, 2015). Examinations of people’s brains who suffered from Schizophrenia after they have died have showed slight differences when compared with people who have healthy brains (NIMH, 2014). People with Schizophrenia have abnormal brain cells that lead to defective connections that occurred before birth (NIMH, 2014). Scientists think that the brain, when going through changes like puberty, could trigger Schizophrenia (Smith, 2015). Also, people with Schizophrenia tend to have less gray matter, some areas of the brain show less activity, and they also tend to larger ventricles in the brain (Smith,…

    • 1556 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Term Paper: The Effects of Foodborne Illness of Escherichia coli in Leafy Greens Introduction Food is a necessary and many times pleasurable part of everyday life.…

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Schizophrenia is the scientific name for depression. Schizophrenia symptoms are most likely to be negative, instead of being positive such as, losing interest in daily activities like going walking or watching football, feeling out of touch with people such as family and friends, lack of feeling or emotion (apathy), and inappropriate feelings in certain situations. It affects people differently and symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people may have many symptoms, while others may only have a few. Men diagnosed with depression may start may start to show symptoms between their late teens and early twenties.…

    • 1464 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays