1. What factors should be considered to provide maximal protection when people are exercising in the cold? To avoid excessive heat loss, our bodies use peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis, and shivering, which is usually not enough. Peripheral vasoconstriction We must also rely on behavioral responses like huddling behavior and putting on more clothing to help insulate our deep body tissues from the environment. During aerobic exercise, clothing insulation and exercise metabolism may not be enough when fatigue sets in and intensity decreases. That is when metabolic heat production decreases as well. In this case, the athlete should exercise at an intensity that generates sufficient metabolic heat to maintain core temperature.
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Taking acetazolamide, a drug, the day before ascent, also prevents sickness. When combined with a steroid called dexamethasone, it is even more preventative.
4. What alterations occur in strength, power, and muscular endurance with physical detraining? Kinney defines detraining as the partial of complete loss of training-induced adaptions in response to either the cessation of training or a substantial decrement in the training load (2015). Consequently, both muscular strength and power are reduced once athletes stop training. The rate and magnitude of loss vary with the level of training. Muscular endurance decreases after only 2 weeks of inactivity.
5. What similarities do we see between spaceflight and detraining? Why does the body make these adaptations during spaceflight? During spaceflight, the body experiences physiological changes, which are nearly identical to those of detraining. Muscle mass and strength also decline in microgravity. The cross-sectional areas of both type I and type II muscle fibers are also decreased. Microgravity also causes an average bone mineral loss of about 4% in the weight-bearing bones. Reduction in plasma volume also occurs over time, and it most likely due to reduced fluid intake. Red cell mass will decrease, also lowering total blood volume. VO2max is usually reduced as well during spaceflight, due to the reduction in plasma volume and leg strength during flight (Kinney,
Taking acetazolamide, a drug, the day before ascent, also prevents sickness. When combined with a steroid called dexamethasone, it is even more preventative.
4. What alterations occur in strength, power, and muscular endurance with physical detraining? Kinney defines detraining as the partial of complete loss of training-induced adaptions in response to either the cessation of training or a substantial decrement in the training load (2015). Consequently, both muscular strength and power are reduced once athletes stop training. The rate and magnitude of loss vary with the level of training. Muscular endurance decreases after only 2 weeks of inactivity.
5. What similarities do we see between spaceflight and detraining? Why does the body make these adaptations during spaceflight? During spaceflight, the body experiences physiological changes, which are nearly identical to those of detraining. Muscle mass and strength also decline in microgravity. The cross-sectional areas of both type I and type II muscle fibers are also decreased. Microgravity also causes an average bone mineral loss of about 4% in the weight-bearing bones. Reduction in plasma volume also occurs over time, and it most likely due to reduced fluid intake. Red cell mass will decrease, also lowering total blood volume. VO2max is usually reduced as well during spaceflight, due to the reduction in plasma volume and leg strength during flight (Kinney,