and protects the brain and spinal cord that can be viral, bacterial and even fungal but very…
There are multitude of factors that contribute to the emergence of new infectious diseases. Two significant factors are microbial mutation and ecological…
However some people are more prone to it. Stress is a huge factor as it has the ability to weaken one’s immune defense. Mainly, the immune system is what allows this virus to remain silent for years but when it is compromised, that’s when the body is no longer able to keep it in control.…
The viruses or bacteria are transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces and then one’s eyes, nose or mouth. Inhaling respiratory droplets laden with bacteria and/or viruses that are sneezed or coughed into the air is also an important mechanism of…
First, it is important to understand where the disease traveled to and some warning signs. To begin, the disease was passed on too many places, that was able to happen because animals would carry the disease to different locations. Animals such as rats, squirrels, rabbits, prairie dogs, and chipmunks transported the disease. These animals were able to carry the disease from China to Asia, Egypt, Syria,…
Sue was likely the first person infected with the bacterial meningitis because she has the highest bacteria concentration (12.5 µl/mL). It is most probable that she caught the disease while visiting another university. Jill (1.56 µl/mL) caught it from Sue because they live in such close proximity of one another and spend a lot of time at soccer together. Maria (.78 µl/mL) may have contracted the disease from Sue or Jill because the three of them live in the same dorm hall and Jill shares food with Maria. Marco likely got meningitis from Sue because they share food in science class, which they have two times a week for four hours and spends the least amount of time with any of the infected girls, proven by his low concentration for meningitis (.39…
Recent emergence or re-emergence of infectious disease has an origin in environmental change according to public health scientists. Parasites, fungi, viruses, and bacteria can create an epidemic of infectious disease. Transmission happens if an infected person touches body fluids of someone else. An infected person is not aware of the illness but can easily affect another person. One of them is sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). You can even infect another human through air droplets while talking. The sprinkle of droplets when you cough and sneeze can widely spread any infectious disease. For a long time, these infectious agents can travel far distances and remain up in the air. Other bad organisms can also stay on objects (fomite). You might be exposed to bad infection, if you touch a light switch, soon after an infected human has touched it. Contaminated food and water can help transfer infectious diseases like E. coli. Some infectious diseases can be transferred from an animal to a person. It may happen when you pick up animal waste or the infected animal bites or scratches you and it is called zoonosis. Some zoonotic infectious agents are transferred by insects (vector), especially those that suck blood. The disease is then transmitted when the insect bites a new host. Herd immunity and transmission of diseases goes hand in hand. If the public is not immune then the spreading of…
These two reasons are the major reason of the creation and spread. Most viruses begin with contact to animals. In certain sectors the chapter speaks about the changing environment and how it pushes animals and humans in close proximity and this leads to the development of all the new occurrences. In “The Age of Pandemics (458-62),” Larry Brilliant states sixty percent of diseases are from the contact of animals. Several diseases that are a cause of animal contact are the bird flu, SARS, AIDS, West Nile and Ebola. Another cause of the spread of diseases is the lack of knowledge. In sub-Saharan Africa the Aid and HIV issue is growing at an increasing rate because they are practicing early marriage and human trafficking. Rape is also occurring frequently and women are exposed to the HIV problems often due to the lifestyle. In the Student Voice (454), Mark Merin explains that some virus like SAR could live without a human for several hours which made it hardy and extremely transferable. Simple knowledge and access to certain medical items could have prevented the…
“Increased global travel makes it easier for pathogens to spread quickly around the world, the increased transit of goods also creates new opportunities for the transmission of disease.” (Health and Globalization). “Many developing countries do not have the same sanitary safeguards as developed countries which raises the population for the transmission of good infected with pathogenic microorganisms into more developed states.” (Health and…
Not only is it important for children to get vaccinated, it is also important young adults get vaccinated too. Students in college are more likely to get meningitis than anyone else. It is important that college students get vaccinated for this before moving into a dorm where you can transmit disease between one another.…
Like Smallpox, the people of Europe had become immune to Measles as well. Measles and Smallpox both cause red rashes that can be found all over the infected individual’s body. Measles is a disease that attacks the respiratory system and is also highly contagious. Almost 90 percent of the population who had contact with an individual that had Measles, contracted it themselves. “Pertussis, also known as Whooping Cough, started off in pigs and dogs, and eventually transferring to humans” (Glassberg). Pertussis, like Measles, is a respiratory infection that is highly contagious. Influenza, like Measles and Smallpox, is a respiratory disease/infection. All of these diseases were highly contagious and were being caught by the natives and diminishing their populations. The conditions that the natives lived in were perfect for the diseases to spread rapidly and deadly. The natives lived in very close quarters with each other, and when the Europeans and their disease came over, this proved to be ideal for the diseases. The Europeans spread the diseases that were native to Europe and also brought over the enslaved Africans; the enslaved Africans brought over the diseases native to Africa. The enslaved Africans brought over yellow fever, malaria, and dengue (break-bone fever). These diseases thrived in the Caribbean and other places where the…
Unlike malaria, the Africans have not build up a resistance to this infection. Swine Flu pandemic is another example of a disease that had made its way to the U.S. Interesting enough, the disease is said to originate from pigs: An animal the New World received during The Columbian Exchange. Ebola and Swine Flu are considered new to the United States, but other countries identify these sicknesses as ones that have been around for a long period. Like the Columbian Exchange, the two diseases were not transmitted until traveling to and from another…
Due to the rapid growth of technology, which has facilitated the way people travel around the world, this has allowed for the rapid spread disease. Although global trade has its benefit, and has provided an income for families and health care affordability this has also increased the spread of disease with the exporting of agricultural products that occasionally come in contact with an infected animal, hence carrying disease to different parts of the world. Other areas of globalization are the pollutants that have forever changed our biology and ecology. These changes increase our susceptibility to disease, and the changes in the environments affect the migration of animals, that may carry…
Diseases that are almost completely unheard of such as the measles can rear its ugly head when not enough people vaccinate. The less people that vaccinate the more likely one infected person can spread it around the world. One sneeze on one plane ride can take the disease anywhere. This has actually occurred around the world. One example occurred in Japan 1979 when only around ten percent of children got vaccinated. The whooping cough infected over 13,000 people and forty-one people died.…
There are many reasons why diseases become epidemics, one of the reasons is because of the disease being spread around in the world leading to an epidemic. For example, one way that a disease might spread is when a person comes in contact with a foreign animal because it could infect humans. This is called transnational spreading and it can threaten the security of many people. According to Infectious Diseases by Jennifer Brower and Peter Chalk, global trade is another type of way that epidemics are easily spread. Epidemics also have a huge impact on the society. For example, costs have a huge impact on the society because it all depends on whether the country has enough money to contain the disease. If they don’t contain the disease because…