This may be attributed to the fact that women have an increased risk of experiencing traumatic events. However, this is unlikely and further research must be done in order to fully understand why women meet the criteria twice as often as men do. It may also be helpful to research the role that gender roles in our current society play into the diagnosing of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Melinda developed the disorder due to the fact that she was raped, which classifies as a traumatic enough experience. There is a certain threshold which must be meant for the event to be considered a trauma. A simply fender bender would not classify as traumatic, however a life threatening car crash would be. Also just because the person is distressed over the event, does not mean that they are experiencing posttraumatic stress