1.3.1. From Welfare to Empowerment Approach in Poverty Conceptualisation: -
Having conceptualized poverty it is important to note two distinctions in understanding poverty concepts. The first is between extensive and intensive growth. Extensive growth has occurred for millennia in most parts of the world with the aggregate output rising, with the expansion of the population that has taken place over the period of time. Per capita income was however relatively low and stagnant during this phase. By contrast the modern era has been marked by intensive growth with constant rise of per capita incomes as the growth of output outstripped that of the population.
There has been a two centuries dispute whether such rises in per capita income will alleviate …show more content…
The diverse social circumstances and characteristics (inadequate health facilities, violence in the inner cities and the absence of social care as the factors in the social environment that influence poverty) also need to be taken into account. In an effort to apply Sen’s concept of capabilities empirically, Meghnad Desai (2002) adds the dimension of resource requirements for guaranteeing capabilities, which will vary from society to society depending on social norms and practices. These requirements need to be considered along with the availability of resources at the disposal of …show more content…
Thus, we need to assess ‘social-relations deprivation’ (Penz, 1996), including structural (rather than cyclical) aspects of exclusion besides material deprivation. Some of the recent studies on exclusion (particularly in developing countries, for example, Kaijage and Tibaijuka, 1999; Appasamy et al., 1996) are, however, concerned mainly with material deprivation.
A study on Thailand (Phongpaichit et al., 1999) considers social exclusion explicitly as different from poverty and defines in terms of claims of rights and
Having conceptualized poverty it is important to note two distinctions in understanding poverty concepts. The first is between extensive and intensive growth. Extensive growth has occurred for millennia in most parts of the world with the aggregate output rising, with the expansion of the population that has taken place over the period of time. Per capita income was however relatively low and stagnant during this phase. By contrast the modern era has been marked by intensive growth with constant rise of per capita incomes as the growth of output outstripped that of the population.
There has been a two centuries dispute whether such rises in per capita income will alleviate …show more content…
The diverse social circumstances and characteristics (inadequate health facilities, violence in the inner cities and the absence of social care as the factors in the social environment that influence poverty) also need to be taken into account. In an effort to apply Sen’s concept of capabilities empirically, Meghnad Desai (2002) adds the dimension of resource requirements for guaranteeing capabilities, which will vary from society to society depending on social norms and practices. These requirements need to be considered along with the availability of resources at the disposal of …show more content…
Thus, we need to assess ‘social-relations deprivation’ (Penz, 1996), including structural (rather than cyclical) aspects of exclusion besides material deprivation. Some of the recent studies on exclusion (particularly in developing countries, for example, Kaijage and Tibaijuka, 1999; Appasamy et al., 1996) are, however, concerned mainly with material deprivation.
A study on Thailand (Phongpaichit et al., 1999) considers social exclusion explicitly as different from poverty and defines in terms of claims of rights and