Media Induced Neuropathy Case Studies

Many patients that undergo vascular interventions such as angiographies, stent or inferior vena cava filter placement that require radiographic imaging are at risk for contrast media induced nephropathy. This risk increases with age and with several comorbid conditions. Many aspects that can influence whether a patient may become affected by the contrast are noted in Pisanai et. al, in table 1. They are noted as “preexisting renal failure, diabetes, effective blood volume depletion, dehydration, hypotension, heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, anemia, transplanted kidney, aging, female gender, exogenous: nephrotoxic drugs, endogenous: heme pigments, systemic inflammation, extrinsic predisposing factors, large contrast medium volume, and primary coronary intervention as an emergency procedure” (2). While all of these are important while looking at the patient population that is faced with renal issues post intervention, it has been noted that high-osmolarity contrast media, compared to iso-osmolar contrast media, holds a greater nephrotoxicity (2). …show more content…
According to Pisani et. al., findings with in vitro and in vivo studies show after the administration of iodinated contrast medium, renal cells show a lack of oxygen from a reactive oxygen species within the kidney. When a contrast medium is administered, oxygenation in the structures of the kidney decreases which leads to increased reactive oxygen species (2).
A reactive oxygen species is a byproduct of cell metabolism of oxygen. One example is from a reduction of oxygen (O2) to produce superoxide (O2-) (Devasagayam et al.