Final Paper: Measuring Change in HRQoL of ITP Patients in Japan treated by Eltrombopag
Introduction
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by a low platelet count caused by both increased platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production [1]. In Japan, there are 20,000 patients with ITP and the incidence of ITP is estimated at 3,000 per year [2]. Major signs and symptoms include red spots and/or bruising on the skin, prolonged bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstrual flow, and fatigue [3]. Patients with IPT are tired, depressed, have muscle aches, mood swings, dread the next platelet count, or are plain scared, imposing extensive restrictions on patients’ physical, mental, social and functional activities [4].
The goal of treating ITP is to ensure a sufficient platelet count and to prevent bleeding complications while minimizing treatment side effects [5]. According to the American Society of Hematology guideline, the first line medication to treat the disease is corticosteroids [6]. However, long-term use of corticosteroids isn 't recommended in the guideline because of the risk of serious side effects. Alternative treatment option for ITP is thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, which help bone marrow produce more …show more content…
Reliability can be measured by test-retest reliability and Internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability is a measure of measurement error by repeating the procedure under the same conditions, and in a short period of time. To demonstrate test-retest reliability, we perform the same test to the same test respondents on two separate occasions. Internal consistency reliability is a measure of how well the questionnaires on the test measure the same construct or idea. To demonstrate internal consistency reliability, statistic of Cronbach 's alpha is a used as a
Introduction
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by a low platelet count caused by both increased platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production [1]. In Japan, there are 20,000 patients with ITP and the incidence of ITP is estimated at 3,000 per year [2]. Major signs and symptoms include red spots and/or bruising on the skin, prolonged bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstrual flow, and fatigue [3]. Patients with IPT are tired, depressed, have muscle aches, mood swings, dread the next platelet count, or are plain scared, imposing extensive restrictions on patients’ physical, mental, social and functional activities [4].
The goal of treating ITP is to ensure a sufficient platelet count and to prevent bleeding complications while minimizing treatment side effects [5]. According to the American Society of Hematology guideline, the first line medication to treat the disease is corticosteroids [6]. However, long-term use of corticosteroids isn 't recommended in the guideline because of the risk of serious side effects. Alternative treatment option for ITP is thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, which help bone marrow produce more …show more content…
Reliability can be measured by test-retest reliability and Internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability is a measure of measurement error by repeating the procedure under the same conditions, and in a short period of time. To demonstrate test-retest reliability, we perform the same test to the same test respondents on two separate occasions. Internal consistency reliability is a measure of how well the questionnaires on the test measure the same construct or idea. To demonstrate internal consistency reliability, statistic of Cronbach 's alpha is a used as a