Introduction In 1948 the longitudinal based Framingham heart (FHS) study began. This used an initial cohort of 5, 209 men and women from Framingham MA, USA to instigate the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (Dawber 1980). The study continued to capture data from the spouse and offspring of the initial cohort; these became the second and third generations.…
Introduction The Framingham Heart Study was introduced in 1948, by the National Heart Institute, to provide research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Framingham Heart Study, n.d.). The original research participants included 5,209 men and men, aged 30 - 62, who shared patterns of cardiovascular disease development (Framingham Heart Study, n.d.). This study was first taken in Framingham, Massachusetts. The individuals participated in physical examinations, interviews about their lifestyle and lab tests every two years until1971, when children and spouses where able to participate.…
The aims of the experiment were to measure heart rate and blood pressure in a 24 year old female African American college student. The female college student heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure will be elevated after drinking caffeine, standing for a long period, exercise, pain and then will slowly return to normal. A sphygmomanometer was used to measure and compare the change in Heart rate and blood pressure before and after the participant was exposed to the various stimuli. The study begins with the baseline condition in which participant normal blood pressure and heart rate was recorded.…
Research Critique: Nursing Intervention for Heart Failure Patients Samantha Durant Chamberlain College of Nursing NR439-64139: RN Evidence-Based Practice-Williamson December 2017 Research Critique: Nursing Intervention for Heart Failure Patients Heart Failure (HF) is a disease that affects approximately 6 million adults in the United States. (www.cdc.gov) Complications include weight gain, shortness of breath, swelling in the lower extremities, and fatigue. (www.cdc.gov) Common risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.…
Inter-Observer Errors are critical in understanding the data as a whole. It’s to understand the error that comes with the interpretation of two or more individuals making observations of the same issue. This is a sole reason why scientists take multiple data sets in order to weed out these inter-observer errors. It can affect the end result, or calculation resulting in human bias. They are very similar, as my handedness quotient was 60 which is closer to 100 than to 0 (Ambi) which relates to my limb dominance which is “Extreme Right Handed.”…
Asian Americans Asian Americans are the fastest growing minority populations in the United States and the number is expected to increase significantly from 18 million in 2010, to 34 million in 2050 (Hastings et al., 2015). Although the number of Asian Americans is constantly growing, research has been limited within the subgroups and only some of the subgroups are being reported. For example, national death registries allow researchers to study population health and look at trends. The problem was that Asian American subgroups were not often studied considering that states do not compile subgroup information on death records. More often than not, subgroups, such as Filipinos, Koreans, Asian Indians, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Japanese are grouped…
The heart is considered the “engine of life” through its ability to rhythmically pump oxygen rich blood throughout the body to supply life. Unfortunately, this vital organ is vulnerable to damage through actions of everyday life ranging from smoking, diet, physical inactivity, and consumption of alcohol. Damage to the heart results in heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease. Because of the vast complexity of the heart, heart disease branches off into various categories including “Rheumatic heart disease, Hypertensive heart disease, Ischemic heart disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Inflammatory heart disease and Valvular heart disease” (World Heart Federation, 2016). These categories branch off even further to Angina, heart attacks, stroke and Arteriosclerosis (World Heart Federation, 2016).…
Carson’s lecture was to provide scientific evidence for the effect of endocrine hormones on the regulation of muscle mass. Muscle loss is often the result of chronic illnesses, including COPD, heart failure, kidney disease, and cancer. These changes are often marked by anorexia, inflammation, insulin resistance, hypogonadism, and anemia, which cause muscle and fat loss. Ultimately, multiple endocrine hormones have an effect on the regulation of muscle mass, including insulin, growth hormone, IGF-1, and…
Until recently, individuals with Intellectual and Development Disabilities (IDD) were expected to have a short life span. Growing older brings many age related signs and symptoms affecting this population not only physically, emotionally, but cognitively as well. While the body ages, certain progressive changes occur; which may be dictated by genes, environmental factors, or lifestyle. Anatomical transformations occur in all systems from the muscular skeletal with the loss of some agility to the heart becoming less efficient.…
Yihao Wei Perspectives on Public Health and Economics in Obesity Introduction Economics is a board subject, which infers the act of creation, distribution and utilization of wealth, income, and commodities. Obesity, on the other hand, is the condition of having too much body fat. Obesity is a public health problem that has raised concern worldwide. This is because obesity and overweight are the major causes of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, various cancers and other health problems . This, in turn, can lead to usage of wealth in treating, maintaining and caring for the infected persons.…
Studies have shown a clinical phenomenon called as obesity paradox, where a lower risk of mortality or better survival have been observed in obese person within a clinical subpopulation(5). Although in general population, risk of mortality associated with obesity remains high among persons who already have heart failure, it has been suggested that some protection against mortality is offered by adiposity(6). For a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, there is a paradoxical benefit of obesity observed on those who have had a coronary bypass, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis, and patient with cardiac implants and other coronary syndromes (ACS) (7). This paradox…
When people are obese they have a high risk of getting heart disease, cholesterol, and diabetes. Lee Hedwig states “Obese young adults are a high risk for ongoing health problems such as cardiovascular disease, depression and certain cancers”. This in fact shows that obesity is causing health problems that can affect people for the rest of their life. According to Levine, counties that have big rates of poverty also have the greatest diabete rates too (2). This shows that low income people are not purchasing the right kind of food and its leading them to get diabetes.…
There is a quote by Marcel Proust where he states that “The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes”. I’d like to begin this project by using this as a point of reference for my analysis of a journal entry of scientific advancement. The reason I chose this particular quote is because it is very fitting for how some scientific discoveries come to be, especially when statistics are involved. Statistics have allowed for correlations to be made and for scientists and doctors to find causes to some effects. This is particularly true when it comes to the article I have decided to analyze.…
The heart is an essential part of a human’s body. It is a muscular organ located at the center of the circulatory system that pumps blood throughout the body. The system comprises of veins, arteries, and capillaries, and these blood vessels carry blood to and from all areas of one’s body to sustain life. It beats around 100,000 times and pumps around 2,000 gallons per day. The heart is vital to one’s health and everything that goes on in his or her body.…
Strategies to prevent heart disease Heart disease is a devastating condition. It is known to be one of the leading causes of death across the world. There are some risk factors which make you more exposed to get a heart disease. Broadly, there are two types of risks: modifiable risk factors – the ones you can control such as diet, weight, lifestyle; and non-modifiable risk factors - ones you can’t control, like genetics.…