1) A city's ability to absorb the event or change; 2) the reduction of risk, by better city design and layout; and 3) the city’s ability to bounce back, or the ability to minimize and deal with the negative effects. Beyond these three two other important elements have to be considered the reliability and efficiency of the system along with the adaptability and flexibility of the whole system. From the combination of these various factors the idea of urban resilience sprouts and is the complex management and implementation of these ideas. It is based on this concept of resilience that the author delves into a case study of New York City, specifically the downtown Manhattan …show more content…
Physical bounds don’t always account for all the forces at work and can lead to designs that while applicable are not the best use or design for a certain space. Further criteria and limitations are needs, beyond just the physical limits levied by form base restrictions. That to meet the needs of a dynamic and changing city and the future needs of resilience to respond to and absorb the climatic and man-made disasters further aspects of design must be considered. To this end Perry Yang suggests a methodology based upon performance-based Energy Resilience Ratio.
One of the most influential books related to the City and Regional Planning field Jane Jacob’s “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” contends with the issues of city in a modern and historical