Self-actualization is the process through which an individual achieves his/her full potential. Abraham Maslow was the psychologist that brought the concept into prominence through his hierarchy of needs. He theorized that the hierarchy followed this order: Basic psychological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. Maslow assumed that the lower levels had to be satisfied or relatively satisfied before a higher level could become a motivator and reach the final goal (Ivtzan, Gardner, Bernard, Sekhon, & Hart, 2013). Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, and Frederic Guay further analyze the concept in their work Self-Determination Theory and Actualization of Human Potential.
The article puts emphasis …show more content…
There are four different types of regulations that differ in the degree to which they are internalized and integrated: external, introjected, identified, and integrated. External regulation is based on rewards, pressure, and threats of punishment. This is the least self-determined type of extrinsic motivation, and it can lead to negative consequences such as not continuing with the behavior if the external contingencies are taken away. Introjected regulations are based on self-aggrandizement, guilt, or shame due to the fact that it is partially internalized, and the individual becomes the rewarder or punisher. This type of regulation has consequences similar to external regulations. Identified regulations are when the behaviors are done through a sense of choice and desire. This is linked to positive consequences due to the fact that it becomes part of an individual’s sense of self. Finally, integrated regulations are when the behaviors are associated with an individual’s values, needs, and interests. This is the most self-determining type of extrinsic motivation. The third types are …show more content…
It places Basic psychological needs at the bottom. Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and emotion regulation in the middle, and full functioning is placed as the final goal (Deci et al., 2013). In order to reach full functioning, age seems to correlate greatly. At the University of East London, a study was conducted to see how the administration of Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), which measures values and behaviors related to mental health and growth process of psychological optimization, on different age groups correlated with self-actualization. The research shows that the older an individual is the higher they score on self-actualization (Ivtzan et al., 2013). This makes sense because in order for a person to fulfill their human capacity, then they need to have had a lot of experiences to learn how to be intrinsically motivated and to fully internalize extrinsic motivation. Parents play a major role in both of these because they are the ones that guide the child into fulfilling these. If parents offer rewards for something that should be an intrinsic motivation, then they are decreasing it. Also, the way parents control extrinsic motivation is important. If they are using pressures and threats of punishment then it might lead to introject regulations later in life,
The article puts emphasis …show more content…
There are four different types of regulations that differ in the degree to which they are internalized and integrated: external, introjected, identified, and integrated. External regulation is based on rewards, pressure, and threats of punishment. This is the least self-determined type of extrinsic motivation, and it can lead to negative consequences such as not continuing with the behavior if the external contingencies are taken away. Introjected regulations are based on self-aggrandizement, guilt, or shame due to the fact that it is partially internalized, and the individual becomes the rewarder or punisher. This type of regulation has consequences similar to external regulations. Identified regulations are when the behaviors are done through a sense of choice and desire. This is linked to positive consequences due to the fact that it becomes part of an individual’s sense of self. Finally, integrated regulations are when the behaviors are associated with an individual’s values, needs, and interests. This is the most self-determining type of extrinsic motivation. The third types are …show more content…
It places Basic psychological needs at the bottom. Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and emotion regulation in the middle, and full functioning is placed as the final goal (Deci et al., 2013). In order to reach full functioning, age seems to correlate greatly. At the University of East London, a study was conducted to see how the administration of Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), which measures values and behaviors related to mental health and growth process of psychological optimization, on different age groups correlated with self-actualization. The research shows that the older an individual is the higher they score on self-actualization (Ivtzan et al., 2013). This makes sense because in order for a person to fulfill their human capacity, then they need to have had a lot of experiences to learn how to be intrinsically motivated and to fully internalize extrinsic motivation. Parents play a major role in both of these because they are the ones that guide the child into fulfilling these. If parents offer rewards for something that should be an intrinsic motivation, then they are decreasing it. Also, the way parents control extrinsic motivation is important. If they are using pressures and threats of punishment then it might lead to introject regulations later in life,