Annotated Bibliography: Legalization of Marijuana There is a lot of debate and misinformation about the legalization of marijuana or keeping it illegal. Both sides have beneficial information and strong beliefs. Marijuana is the most widely used substance in the United States. The Drug Enforcement Administration believes that 11.5 million people use marijuana.…
Broken windows policing has been used in New York City from the 1990’s until present time. Broken windows theory was first described by George Kelling and James Wilson in an Atlantic Monthly article published in 1982. The success of dropping major crime rate in New York City was due to external factors not controlled under the policing method. The premature legitimization given to James Wilson and George Kelling, paved the way for the racist “ stop and frisk” procedure to occur in New York City. The broken windows policing is not an effective strategy for reducing crime and it gives officers an amble amount of discretion to discriminate, the real reason for a decrease in crime is contributed to the decrease in the rate of unemployment.…
Medical Marijuana has taken big steps to advance into legalization. The article “The “Right to Use” Takes Its First Hit: Marijuana Legalization and the Future of Employee Drug Testing” by author Alexis Gabrielson, goes into the laws and details about smokers to protect them. With the help of the three basic appeals; Ethos, Pathos, and Logo’s the author holds a strong argument that will persuade her readers to believe what she is trying to explain. No matter what side you agree with you are either pro-legalization or anti-legalization, Gabrielson’s claim was very clear; if somebody wanted to smoke or use marijuana they should be protected, and any loyal citizen would want the laws to be followed to the correct degree. Although the author didn’t…
Broken windows theory is a belief that the environment has an effect to crime and the anti-social behavior of the neighborhood. If the environment is vandalized or is run down that alone would cause the area to be on that is high in crime and with anti-social behavior. The Broken windows theory has been subject to a lot of scrutiny from the public, many point out that they target poor and minority filled communities. The theory itself states that if an environment is broken down or vandalized there would be a higher rate of crime in that area. This would mean that poor and minority areas would be targeted more by police and impacted more than a neighborhood that is economically better and has a lower percentage of minorities living tin the area.…
While the outcome of the application of the broken windows theory is debatable, it has been credited by some (for example, Skogan, 1990; Kelling and Coles, 1996) with remarkable reductions in crime in New York City. When New York City’s police commissioner was William Bratton and the mayor was Rudolph Giuliani, the police in NYC practiced such relentless social control that they helped to change community norms (Delisi, 2003). Skogan (1990) points out that zero-tolerance policies related to social disorder, that were implemented in NYC, resulted in a dramatically safer and cleaner city. Wilson, himself, said in an interview that, “A lot of police agencies have responded to this idea of the broken window. Probably the most famous was the U.S.…
The families of these inmates are not the only ones dealing with the consequences of Rikers Island. There are several financial consequences that the city is facing due to the operation on Rikers Island. Being Rikers Island is an aging facility, the maintenance costs are significant. There is also a transportation cost to the overall corrections system due to the location of Rikers Island. Considering when inmates are transported for court appearances, the corrections department has to budget $31 million each year for transportation costs.…
This statistic shows that even though both non-white and white individuals use Marijuana about the same, the non-white minority is more likely to be arrested because of their race. This targeting…
Anthony Reyes 3 November 2016 United States Law Mr. Keating Annotated Bibliography McKinley, Jesse, and Eli Rosenberg. "First Medical Marijuana Dispensaries in New York Open." Http://www.nytimes.com/. The New York Times, 7 Jan. 2016. Web.…
Our police department spends countless hours arresting marijuana users. For instance, police officers arrest marijuana users every fifty-one seconds, according to Nick Wing the author of the article Police Arrested Someone For Weed Possession Every 51 Seconds. Not all marijuana offenders get jail time but it is documented criminal background. This report can keep them from getting a job, housing benefits, and loan, according to the article “6 Powerful Reasons to Legalize Marijuana” by Owen Poindexter.…
In the 1990s then mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani pushed the broken windows theory of crime control and made changes to the police departments accordingly. However, David Dinkin, who was mayor before Giuliani, was truly the one who began this method of policing. He hired 8,000 new officers and a new police commissioner. (Business Insider) While it is true that New York’s crime rates have dropped in the past few decades, the reasons behind this are unclear.…
The Legalization of Marijuana Annotated Bibliography Terry, Lynne. " Cannabis Use Dulls the Brain, But are Effects Long-Term?. " Oregonian, The (Portland, OR) 03 Feb. 2016:…
Should Medical Marijuana be Federally Legalized: An Annotated Bibliography David C. Peters II. “Patients and Caregivers Report Using Medical Marijuana to Decrease Prescription Narcotics Use.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, vol. 35, 2013, pp. 24–40. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/humjsocrel.35.24.…
An ACLU and Human Rights Watch stated that in any given year, police arrest more people for marijuana use than for all other violent crimes…
The decriminalization of marijuana has already begun across several 20 of the 50 states, allowing personal consumption with many states treating violations as minor offenses similar to traffic infractions. The U.S. Sentencing Commission pinpoints marijuana as the most popular drug of choice for convicted offenders. In a 2014 survey, the Pew Research Center found that 54% of Americans feel that marijuana should be legalized, an overwhelming 76% Americans felt that, if not legalized, small amounts of marijuana for personal use should not draw jail time (Pew Research Center, 2014). We are undoubtedly beginning to see a cultural shift in support of the decriminalization of nonviolent offenses, particularly involving the possession and recreational use of drugs. However, most agree that the production and trafficking of illicit drugs should remain a punishable offense.…
Even though marijuana have a lot of beneficial effect, but there are still many people oppose it, because of it many harmful effect and how addicting they are. Because marijuana is so addictive, it really easy to abuse. In one statement of a health organization called pro-drug group:” they admitted that marijuana has a high potential for abuse and that abuse may lead to several psychological or physical independence” (Dudley 70). Dudley also argue that the use of marijuana effectiveness in treating physical maladies has been overblown, he give an example:” for the symptom of glaucoma, the proponent that claim pot smoking lower the eye of glaucoma patient is partially true, because of small pressure drop does occur in patient when using marijuana…