The Constitution sets limits in the actions of federal officials or institutions. Therefore, any other laws passed or enacted without a constitutional amendment is deemed invalid. Nevertheless, this issue has never been specifically addressed until 1803 when the case Marbury v Madison emerged. Conflict began as recently elected president Thomas Jefferson ordered his Secretary of State - James Madison to stop delivering the signed commissions to judges; William Marbury felt that he was deprived of his legal right. Thus, he demanded a law enforcement via a writ of mandamus from the Supreme Court. Although John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Federal Court acknowledged that Marbury was right, he claimed that issuing a writ of mandamus in this case
