1.0. INTRODUCTION Mangroves ecosystem provide an important sources such as food, medicines, material for building and filtering pollution. Mangrove forests are among the economically highest valued ecosystems. However, increase of urbanization and climate change affected the ecological functioning and the goods and services that are provided by mangrove system. Such that, the mangrove large areas are rapidly disappearing. In addition, it is degrade the condition of remaining areas. Additionally, it is increase the pressure on these systems as on the next few decades, development of many of the main urban and economic centers is expected to center on tropical estuaries In tropical estuaries, intertidal crabs are found abundant and diverse
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Mangrove communities growing as woody halophytes in the intertidal zone of coastal area. The mangrove has a complex structure of roots, trunk, branches and leaves which include as a complexity of mangrove. The mangrove structure changes from the bed bottom to the canopy. Mangrove ecosystems are economically and ecologically important as renewable resources .The mangrove communities act as bio-shield to protect the coastal from natural disaster. They also act as nursery, feeding and breeding ground for many fish and invertebrate species as well as attract other kinds of wildlife. Mangrove tree are complex transition environments between terrestrial and marine systems that is a very productive plant in coastal ecosystems. Mangroves provide a shelter for a variety of species and some of the species have high densities. A healthy mangrove ecosystem refers to a diverse fauna which have found in mangrove with a high level of biodiversity. Furthermore mangrove ecosystem provides among the greatest coastal carbon sinks in the world and become the main role in the global carbon cycle. Despite of mangrove benefit, they also suffer from direct impacts such as pollution and from hidden impacts such as changes in inland freshwater management. In addition mangroves are vulnerable to many kind of issues of anthropogenic disturbance, such as exploitation, land reclamation, diversion of freshwater for …show more content…
It becomes a major food source of various invertebrates, including brachyuran crabs, gastropods and insects . Previous studies in the 1970s by Odum and Heald revealed the role of mangrove litter that provides carbon sources for invertebrates and fishes in mangroves and become an important part of a detrital food web. A detrital source known to be important for benthic invertebrates because detritus is a source of organic matter that supports the foundation of marine food webs. Dead and decaying organic matter which is macrophyte detritus is a major energy input‘s source to mangrove ecosystems. Leaf detritus provide primary energy source for the higher trophic levels . Decaying is detritus going through bacterial colonisation and breakdown of the leaf and known as initial decay and become rich in
Mangrove communities growing as woody halophytes in the intertidal zone of coastal area. The mangrove has a complex structure of roots, trunk, branches and leaves which include as a complexity of mangrove. The mangrove structure changes from the bed bottom to the canopy. Mangrove ecosystems are economically and ecologically important as renewable resources .The mangrove communities act as bio-shield to protect the coastal from natural disaster. They also act as nursery, feeding and breeding ground for many fish and invertebrate species as well as attract other kinds of wildlife. Mangrove tree are complex transition environments between terrestrial and marine systems that is a very productive plant in coastal ecosystems. Mangroves provide a shelter for a variety of species and some of the species have high densities. A healthy mangrove ecosystem refers to a diverse fauna which have found in mangrove with a high level of biodiversity. Furthermore mangrove ecosystem provides among the greatest coastal carbon sinks in the world and become the main role in the global carbon cycle. Despite of mangrove benefit, they also suffer from direct impacts such as pollution and from hidden impacts such as changes in inland freshwater management. In addition mangroves are vulnerable to many kind of issues of anthropogenic disturbance, such as exploitation, land reclamation, diversion of freshwater for …show more content…
It becomes a major food source of various invertebrates, including brachyuran crabs, gastropods and insects . Previous studies in the 1970s by Odum and Heald revealed the role of mangrove litter that provides carbon sources for invertebrates and fishes in mangroves and become an important part of a detrital food web. A detrital source known to be important for benthic invertebrates because detritus is a source of organic matter that supports the foundation of marine food webs. Dead and decaying organic matter which is macrophyte detritus is a major energy input‘s source to mangrove ecosystems. Leaf detritus provide primary energy source for the higher trophic levels . Decaying is detritus going through bacterial colonisation and breakdown of the leaf and known as initial decay and become rich in