Malcolm X believed and preached the idea that nonviolence is not manly and that no change will happen without force. Estes included the following, “Likewise, When Martin Luther King led a nonviolent civil rights campaign in Birmingham, Alabama, Malcolm questioned his recruitment of women and children for marches. ‘Real men don’t put their children on the firing line,’ Malcolm scoffed, concluding, ‘Martin Luther King is a chump, not a champ.’” (Estes 97) Malcolm viewed the civil rights movement to a mans fight and that once African American males get the respect they are due and that women and children will following in the sense of self worth will come into their lives following the men. Malcolm X ideas of violence as the answer led to other activist …show more content…
This occurrence allowed for issues not to be resolved and for them tor repeat, like in the 1990s. Estes refers to the following, “Once again men marched, protested, and spoke up not primarily for social justice or for civil rights, but for recognition and reaffirmation of their manhood. The three most visible manifestations of these were the Million Man March, the Promise Keepers, and the proliferation of gangster rap in hip-hop culture.” (Estes 181) Civil rights movement idea was cultivated again but like in the past the men focused on the importance masculinity and manhood rather than fixing the issues at