Malcolm X was a well known figure in the Civil Rights Movement, he was deeply influenced by four key antecedents who shaped his beliefs and teachings. This research paper aims to investigate the origins, influence, and teachings of four outstanding figures: Elijah Muhammad of the Nation of Islam, Wallace Fard of the Allah Temple of Islam, Noble Drew Ali of the Temple of Moorish Science, and Marcus Garvey. First I want to introduce Elijah Muhammad, he played a crucial role in Malcolm X's life by helping as his mentor and leader surrounded by the Nation of Islam. Founded in the early 20th century in Detroit, Michigan, the NOI addressed black separatism, self-reliance, and empowerment. Elijah Muhammad focused attention on racial pride and the establishment of an
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Next is Noble Drew Ali, who was the founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America in 1913, which had an important influence on Malcolm’s religious and philosophical development. The Moorish Science Temple had mixed elements of Islam, Christianity, and also Freemasonry, which had all been recommended for racial promotion and the assertion of African heritage. Drew Ali addressed the notion of Moorish identity among African Americans, encouraging self-awareness and cultural pride. Malcolm’s exposure to Moorish Science teachings during his upbringing contributed a lot later to his advocacy for black self-determination and his rejection of white supremacist beliefs. For the next antecedent is Marcus Garvey, he was a Jamaican born activist and the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Marcus was an elevated figure in the Pan-African and black nationalist movements in the early 20th century. Marcus' philosophy focused on economic self-sufficiency, something like Elijah, and the repatriation of African descendants to
Next is Noble Drew Ali, who was the founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America in 1913, which had an important influence on Malcolm’s religious and philosophical development. The Moorish Science Temple had mixed elements of Islam, Christianity, and also Freemasonry, which had all been recommended for racial promotion and the assertion of African heritage. Drew Ali addressed the notion of Moorish identity among African Americans, encouraging self-awareness and cultural pride. Malcolm’s exposure to Moorish Science teachings during his upbringing contributed a lot later to his advocacy for black self-determination and his rejection of white supremacist beliefs. For the next antecedent is Marcus Garvey, he was a Jamaican born activist and the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Marcus was an elevated figure in the Pan-African and black nationalist movements in the early 20th century. Marcus' philosophy focused on economic self-sufficiency, something like Elijah, and the repatriation of African descendants to