In this experiment, pinacol was mixed with sulfuric acid, which protonated the pinacol, allowing it to form a better leaving group. Water is the leaving group off of the pinacol and the pinacol becomes a carbocation. The carbocation that is formed is a secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing the carbon that had a positive charge to have a full octet and to be neutral.…
The purpose of this lab was to iodonize salicylamide and characterize the product in order to determine its structure. The crude product of this reaction was recrystallized using ethanol. The white crystalline product was isolated using vacuum filtration and characterized. The percent yield of this reaction was determined to be 39%. The observed experimental melting point of the product was determined to be 235-137 oC. When compared to the literature melting point 228 oC of the predicted product, 5-iodosalicylamide, it can be concluded that the product is very pure.…
MDMA, Molly or Ecstasy, but legally known as Methlysafrylaminc - these are all the same drug. In 1912 this, now illicit substance, was originally developed by a German pharmaceutical company to control bleeding. Some say that it has medical use, while others completely disagree. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s MDMA had gained a huge following with psychiatrist saying that the drug “enhanced communication” and “opened insights to patients about their problems.…
This causes problems in sensory perception, mood and thought patterns. These problems tend to manifest as hallucinations. When on LSD perceptions can often involve all or only one of the five senses. LSD mainly causes visual hallucinations. It can cause synesthesia, which is blending of the senses, such as hearing colors and seeing sounds.…
Description of Symptoms Brian Wilson, The Beach Boys front man, suffered from a variety of psychological symptoms for many years. He was originally diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, but later in his life this diagnosis changed. His psychotic symptoms began in 1963 when he reported hearing indistinct voices in his sleep. Eventually these unclear auditory hallucinations turned into comprehendible speech, and in 2004 Wilson said that when he experienced the voices, they would threaten to kill him and his family. Wilson also suffered from delusions.…
The MK-Ultra conspiracy can be proven because we have discovered documents recording gruesome experiments, people have come forward with their struggles through MK-Ultra, and other projects have branched out in addition to this. For 20 years from 1953 to 1973, the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), funded and conducted tests on human subjects, both with and without their knowledge, in an effort to control minds and personalities for espionage. One such project was called MK-Ultra. After WWII, the Cold War soon began to take action. Opposing countries soon became suspicious of each other and began the use of spies. Not only did they have a desire for a spy but they had additional ideas.…
Patients tend to see or hear things that aren't real. Some physical effects of taking this medication would be it affects behavior, cognitive, mood and speech. Patient may experience aggression, delusion, anxiety, hallucination, or rapid and frenzied speaking. There are 51 million people worldwide who suffer from this illness. 3.5 million…
Richards reports experiments in which he himself administered high doses of LSD to a poverty-stricken research volunteer that saw images of a Hindu God with many spiraling arms during his psychedelic experience. He found out because the young man, who was in his mid-twenties, pointed it out in a magazine he was looking through some time after the experiment at Richards office and it was exactly that, a Hindu rendition of the God Shiva. “Psychedelic research, however, does suggest that there are heaven and hells within each of us, often populated with fascinating images or beings found in literature and art of most world religions, as Muslim or Zoroastrian malaikah, as Buddhist celestial beings called devas, and in Judeo-Christian iconography.”…
J) Stability and Storage Conditions Triethanolamine turns brown in the presence of light and oxygen so triethanolamine must be preserved in an airtight container away from light, in a cool and dry place. J) Stability and Storage Conditions Triethanolamine turns brown in the presence of light and oxygen so triethanolamine must be preserved in an airtight container away from light, in a cool and dry place. J) Stability and Storage Conditions Triethanolamine turns brown in the presence of light and oxygen so triethanolamine must be preserved in an airtight container away from light, in a cool and dry place.…
When investigating the mechanisms of neural communication and the impact various drugs can have on this its important to take into consideration what these actually mean and whereabouts in the body are the main components. The word neural communication consists of how neurons communicate with each other through their physiological process, and drugs consist of chemicals, substances or medicines that have a physiological and/or psychological effect on the brain and body. Within this essay I will look at what main parts of the body are associated with neural communication and I will explain how they interact as well as function to create the central nervous system, I will distinguish why the central nervous system itself is important and how…
Devils lettuce, weed, reefer, cannabis, marijuana, ever heard of it? Reefer is a hallucinogen that makes you feel high. You can tell someone has smoked reefer if they have bloodshot eyes, a fast heart rate, drowsiness, and lack of coordination. It is a harmless drug, and it needs to be more available to the general population.…
Most current members of society are against the use of LSD in medicine and for recreational use due to the severity and longevity of its effects, as well as the possibility of the user harming themselves or others around them. In fact, people have gathered together to outlaw this drug from nearly every country, excluding Mexico and Portugal. Schools, hospitals, and parents all teach their children from a young age that LSD should never be taken for any purpose since is poses not only a huge burden on families but a burden on the user, both financially and mentally. However, there is a massive movement of people, ranging from young adults to elders, who are fighting to permit recreational LSD use by claiming that the drug can do wonders at discovering and opening our minds for the better.…
When users get clean they usually have unpredictable “flashbacks”. Chronic users experience visual disturbances, disorganized thinking, paranoia, and mood disturbances , even when they are not using the drug anymore. Research done on LSD has not been 100% sure how LSD affects the nervous system or the brain. But it is believed LSD has something to do with serotonin, which is “ a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating moods, appetite, muscle control, sexuality, sleep and sensory perception”( Shanna Freeman, How Stuff Works). LSD also affects the eyes in what is actually there and what isn 't. Once you have taken LSD a small amount of the drug stays in your body forever, either in your brain or spinal fluid.…
Drugs are all around us more than one would think. There are always new drugs being discovered and new ways for people to get “high”. One of these newer drugs is a hallucinogen known as LSD. LSD has no medical purpose what so ever. It is only used for people to escape reality.…
If you were depressed, feeling alone, and you wanted to end it all, but a small dose of LSD, or peyote could save your life, would you take it? This is a question many people ponder, and the answer always comes back to ethics. For this reason, psychedelic drugs should be used to treat physical and mental illnesses. What psychedelics are used to treat illnesses? There are many.…