An extensive search was made of the scientific literature published from 1988 to 1998 for studies on low-back problems among health personnel. The focus on the last 10 years was chosen because of the rapidly changing work situation at hospitals, nursing homes, and other types of nursing institutions. Low back pain is caused by multiple factors, generally categorized into physical, psychosocial and lifestyle factors (Habibi&Pourabdian, 2010). Psychosocial factors at work have been shown to play important roles in the development of low back pain (Mosrafa et al.,2008).They are perceived characteristics of the work environment that have an emotional connotation for workers and managers, and that can result in stress and strain (Houtman et al.,1994).
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The unique nature of the job is probably the major cause of the high prevalence of back pain among nurses. Many of the factors identified are postural in nature. Direct patient contact activities, particularly patient lifting and transferring, are most frequently mentioned as causes of occupational back pain (Harber et al.,1985). These two tasks accounted for 79% of low back pain among nurses. However, these argue of that nurses are socialized in nursing training with some set of beliefs which they retained throughout their professional career, such as: patient contact tasks cause back pain. To some extent, these beliefs might bias the understanding of actual injury experiences when recalling such activities related to back pain. Harber et al. (1985) explored that by an observational study on 63 nurses found that non patient contact actions occurred more frequently patient contact activities per shift, and that static actions were common. Such static action, especially in a non-upright position, further increased biomechanical stress on the lower back. And in this studies have reported that back 14 pain in nurses might be related to factors other than direct patient care. These included carrying and pushing, previous back injury, headache, and frequent
The unique nature of the job is probably the major cause of the high prevalence of back pain among nurses. Many of the factors identified are postural in nature. Direct patient contact activities, particularly patient lifting and transferring, are most frequently mentioned as causes of occupational back pain (Harber et al.,1985). These two tasks accounted for 79% of low back pain among nurses. However, these argue of that nurses are socialized in nursing training with some set of beliefs which they retained throughout their professional career, such as: patient contact tasks cause back pain. To some extent, these beliefs might bias the understanding of actual injury experiences when recalling such activities related to back pain. Harber et al. (1985) explored that by an observational study on 63 nurses found that non patient contact actions occurred more frequently patient contact activities per shift, and that static actions were common. Such static action, especially in a non-upright position, further increased biomechanical stress on the lower back. And in this studies have reported that back 14 pain in nurses might be related to factors other than direct patient care. These included carrying and pushing, previous back injury, headache, and frequent