Scientists have long theorized that the long neck of modern-day giraffes evolved to enable them to find more vegetation or to develop a specialized method of fighting.
A new study of fossil cervical vertebrae reveals the evolution likely occurred in several stages as one of the animal's neck vertebrae stretched first toward the head and then toward the tail a few million years later. The study's authors say the research shows, for the first time, the specifics of the evolutionary transformation in extinct species within the giraffe family.
"It's interesting to note that the lengthening was not consistent," said Nikos Solounias, a giraffe anatomy expert and paleontologist at NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine. "First, only the front part of the C3 vertebra lengthened in one group of species. The second stage was the elongation of the back part of the C3 neck vertebra. The modern giraffe is the only species that underwent both stages, which is why it has a remarkably long neck." …show more content…
Solounias and Melinda Danowitz, a medical student in the school's Academic Medicine Scholars program, studied 71 fossils of nine extinct and two living species in the giraffe family. The bones, discovered in the late 1800s and early 1900s, were housed at museums around the world, including those in England, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Kenya, and Greece.
"We also found that the most primitive giraffe already started off with a slightly elongated neck," said Danowitz. "The lengthening started before the giraffe family was even created 16 million years ago."
But the main discovery came after the researchers analyzed anatomical features of the various fossils and compared them to the evolutionary tree.
"That's when we saw the stages playing out," said
A new study of fossil cervical vertebrae reveals the evolution likely occurred in several stages as one of the animal's neck vertebrae stretched first toward the head and then toward the tail a few million years later. The study's authors say the research shows, for the first time, the specifics of the evolutionary transformation in extinct species within the giraffe family.
"It's interesting to note that the lengthening was not consistent," said Nikos Solounias, a giraffe anatomy expert and paleontologist at NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine. "First, only the front part of the C3 vertebra lengthened in one group of species. The second stage was the elongation of the back part of the C3 neck vertebra. The modern giraffe is the only species that underwent both stages, which is why it has a remarkably long neck." …show more content…
Solounias and Melinda Danowitz, a medical student in the school's Academic Medicine Scholars program, studied 71 fossils of nine extinct and two living species in the giraffe family. The bones, discovered in the late 1800s and early 1900s, were housed at museums around the world, including those in England, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Kenya, and Greece.
"We also found that the most primitive giraffe already started off with a slightly elongated neck," said Danowitz. "The lengthening started before the giraffe family was even created 16 million years ago."
But the main discovery came after the researchers analyzed anatomical features of the various fossils and compared them to the evolutionary tree.
"That's when we saw the stages playing out," said