Generally, previous studies have revealed that tasks in the Here-and-Now are less cognitively demanding than the There-and-Then tasks accomplished in, with the certain result of producing output. Robinson (1995) examined the effect of manipulating Here-and-Now on three distinct narratives and discovered that the most complex narrative, accomplished in displaced past time allusion, extracted more lexical complexity and more accurate speech than the narrative accomplished in the Here-and-Now. It also revealed a trend for higher disfluency but revealed no significant dissimilarities for structural complexity.
