Linda Martin Alcoff's Article Analysis

Improved Essays
Following my reconstruction of Linda Martin Alcoff’s argument I have found two crucial weak points in her article. First her argument fails to properly exam the biology of race. Second she fails to draw out one real issue which targets the uneducated elected officials as the deciders to dismiss classes they don’t know anything about. The biggest weak point in her article was making her opinion of the non-existence of race into sounding as if it were fact. She continues to make one random example after another. For example, “Human beings share over 99 percent of our genes across racial groups, and no single gene accounts for anything physical other than eye color, a rather insignificant attribute”. She also seems to throw off the reader making

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    She provides scientific evidence to prove her claims and talks about stories that involve race in one way, shape, or form. Race is political and not a biological category and scientific evidence proved that a long time ago. “A biological race is a population of organisms that can be distinguished…

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The way in which composers convey their ideas dependent on their use of distinctive visuals. Amanda Lohrey’s vertigo and Bruce Dawe’s homecoming show how composers use their distinctively visual themes and ideas presented in their work. Amanda Lohrey and Bruce Dawe utilise strong images to convey an understanding of the themes of loss and grief and personal identity. The purpose is achieved through the distinctive visuals used by the composer to challenge the different perspectives the readers have on life and to allow them to experience the journey first hand with the characters.…

    • 819 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    White By Law Summary

    • 1311 Words
    • 6 Pages

    “There is no core or essential White identity of White race. There are only popular conceptions-in the language of the prerequisite cases, a “common knowledge”-of Whiteness” (p.75). Race indeed, is not based on physical difference, but on what society and the law have deemed defining criterion to separate people into specific segregated groups. The “common knowledge” surrounding race is constructed by what the law and society deem as characteristics that make race. In fact, “the celebration of common knowledge and the repudiation of scientific evidence show that race is a matter not of physical difference, but of what people believe about physical difference” (p.72).…

    • 1311 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Book Critique: Racial Equality in America, by John Hope Franklin. This paper is developed to display a summary of "Racial Equality in America", by John Hope Franklin, and to make a critique of the book. The first part shows information about the author and the credentials that confirm him as an important spokesman for racial equality in America. Also, after the summary, I will try to give my humble vision on how to change the "obsession" of Americans regarding racism (adjective copied by me from Franklin).…

    • 2219 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Affirmative Discrimination In a time when skin color, brain size, and theories such as social Darwinism are no longer factors used to determine social status, it seems that, on the surface, the world should be finally extinct of the conflict among races. Scientifically, no race is the “ultimate” one, because at the end of the day, humans are all just humans—right? Contrary to the popular belief that “All men (people) are created equal,” however, this is indeed not the case (“The Declaration of Independence” 1). In fact, there is a contention that runs far deeper than the mere struggles among races.…

    • 1368 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the article “The Dynamics of Racial Fluidity and Inequality” by Saperstein and Penner (2012), supports on the notion that race is a “flexible” tendency that changes throughout the years and across backgrounds, rather than being a characteristic that is attributed at “birth” and “fixed” (as cited in Grusky & Weisshar, 2014 p.692). In order to better understand how racial classification plays an important role over the life course of an individual this paper will analyze the article of Saperstein and Penner (2012), discuss two major concepts that are affecting social inequality, and point out two strengths/weaknesses that helped or hurt the article. Article The study by Saperstein and Penner (2012) focused on how race is typically treated…

    • 1962 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Out of all the articles, the one that stood out to me the most was the last one where it discussed the privileges that people have in the article “The Social Construction of Difference.” I found this article interesting because it provided examples of privileges, which is usually seen as a difficult task. Personally I believe it is primarily due to the fact that we don’t like to think we have an advantage over someone else solely based on race, gender, class, and etc.…

    • 1056 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This aspect of race can be explained by Fields concept of race as an “ideology,” where race has been maintained through laws, customs, and daily practices to address practical needs. Fields coins the term “ideology” as the “daily methods through which people make sense of the social reality they create” (Fields). Essentially, race became an everyday habit that the people used in order to justify what was going on in the world around them. Consequences of social construction is exclusion. In lecture, Professor Smith used a quote from Robert Miles stating “All instances where a specific group is shown to be in unequal receipt of resources and services, or to be unequally represented in the hierarchy of class relations.”…

    • 973 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Susan McClary believed, that as film and media continue the discourse on gender identities today, early-modern opera was a pioneer in the construction of gender identities to the public sphere. The construction of gender became necessary when presented portrayals of the world had to differentiate between male or female characters, as one sex could play the other. These constructions were shaped by the time and place in which the work was presented. The issue on how to represent women was controversial during Monteverdi’s time as perspectives on the female rhetoric were divided. McClary analyses Monteverdi’s L'Orfeo and believes that men had a more provocative stage presence while women had to have an innocent portrayal to remain attractive…

    • 1077 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Folk Taxonomy Of Tipos

    • 832 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Essay Question: What is the difference between the way race is defined in the United States and in Brazil? List the Brazilian folk taxonomy of "tipos" and how to translate "tipos" into U.S. racial categories. Race is a myth. In another word, what looks like a difference in biological variability, is in fact, merely a difference in cultural classification. Similarly, anthropologist have stressed that U.S. racial groups are American cultural structures that depict the way Americans categorize people, rather than it be “a genetically determined reality (Spradley and McCurdy 200).”…

    • 832 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Jayla Hodges 4 Jayla R. Hodges Professor Bork ENG-101-075 9/24/2017 Synthesize evidence from Fuentes's chapter and McIntosh's article to make an argument explaining how "race still matters" – or does not matter – in the U.S.A. today. Move beyond the issues and examples that Fuentes discusses to extend and/or challenge Fuentes's thinking. Race still matters in the United States, however, it should not be an ongoing issue that continues to separate us from being equal. Social class, education status, sexuality, nationality, and gender are all factors that tend to play a substantial role in our current lives. Race can also be the reason why certain individuals encounter day-to-day advantages and disadvantages.…

    • 1060 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Structured Inequality

    • 612 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The article Structured Inequality in the United State, establishes the argument of racial equality being hard to obtain, in a system that has been flawed from the start. The flaw in the system is the favorable treatment of one racial group(whites) over others. The systems establishment of laws such as who could own land, who could vote and worse who was considered a free person created a dominant group and a subordinate group determined by race and not merit. An analogy comes to mind, if you build your house on an uneven foundation troubles will no doubt arise. Structured Inequality in the United States for me creates a new avenue of thinking.…

    • 612 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In her article titled Slavery, Race, and Ideology in America, Barbara Fields asserts that race is a social construction rather than a physical attribute of individuals. In accordance with Fields, injustices have historically arisen when society tries to assign meaning to race. She asserts that dominant groups often use race to assert a presumed biological superiority in order perpetuate social hierarchy and justify oppression. Subsequently, racial meaning is consistently “verified” in social life to the point that it becomes palpable. These ideologies manifest themselves in their inclusion to the law, “which is bound by those rituals that daily create and recreate race in its characteristic American form.…

    • 2031 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Higginbotham starts with multiple false assumption defining race as a measure of genotypic or phenotypic difference between human beings, or as most people assume that they can identify it when they see it. She defines race as a “highly contested representation of relations of between social categories”. This definition has some resonance to Glenda Gilmore article “Sex and Violence in Procrustes’s Bed” when she talks about middle class white men as they tried to assert their dominance around 1898. She also add “The recognition of racial distinction emanates from and adapt to multiple uses of power in society” where politics of power adapted this ideology of race in multiple ways in order to achieve to power. Democratic Party used this ideology…

    • 272 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The articles “Class Action- A Challenge To Class-Based Affirmative Action” and “Affirmative Action Based on Income”, written by Nikole Hannah-Jones and Richard D. Kahlenberg, respectively, debate the merits of both affirmative action based on race and on socioeconomic class. Kahlenberg makes the claim that class is a bigger disadvantage than race in modern America to achieving a higher level of education. Jones, conversely, presents the counterargument that race continues to be the largest obstacle to higher education. While both Jones and Kahlenberg make good claims, it is Jones’ claim that stands stronger.…

    • 891 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays