Similar to the indirect characterization of Lily, Kidd symbolizes the slips of paper located in the wailing wall as evidence of May's suffering, in order to demonstrate May’s struggle to deal with her concern for those around her. For example, during the novel, August explains to Lily that the wailing wall is similar to the one located in Jerusalem where the Jewish people go to mourn. Additionally, while discussing the wailing wall August expresses, “All those bits of paper you see out there stuck between the stones are things May has written down-all the heavy feelings she carries around” (98). Nevertheless, the phrase “All those bits of paper” emphasizes that the wall contains numerous bits of paper, hence proving the great deal of suffering
