Letter From Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Improved Essays
Classical Leadership Training and Development
The three elements of ethical and emotional appeal as proposed by Aristotle include ethos, pathos, and logos. Martin Luther employed the three appeals in varying proportions to deliver his message of emancipation and peaceful resistance. To a certain extent, he favored the use of logos appeal in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. This is mainly because of the presence of direct logic and facts to support the arguments to increase their persuasive power. This essay seeks to analyze the message captured by Martin Luther King in the letter from Birmingham Jail from these three means of persuasion and communication.
Analysis of King’s Ethos
Ethos deals with the character of the author and therefore,
…show more content…
King uses the pathos appeal in delivering several riveting points in the “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. In one of the pathos arguments, King wrote a lengthy section that graphically described the difficult lives of African-Americans in the last century. He says “that when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim… then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait” (King 14). In this quote, King illustrated the way in which African-Americans lived in a state of squalor within the nation because of racial discrimination and hostility. Through this section, the audience can connect with the hostility being perpetrated against African-Americans. When reading the paragraph, most people were greatly saddened by the dreadful violence of execution and the consequences of racial segregation. In this section, the purpose of the appeal is achieved since the audience empathizes with African-Americans. This is because, on numerous occasions, an individual’s emotions have a greater impact in determining one’s actions compared to logic and common sense (Changing Minds, 2010). Therefore, the pathos appeal is extremely convincing in King’s discourse in the

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Martin Luther King Jr.’s Use of Persuasion Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most important people fighting the injustices in racism in the civil rights movement. He defends his rights and shows how hurtful it can be to have these rights taken away. He describes hurtful situations vividly “...when you have hate-filled policeman curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill your black brothers and sisters with impunity...”(King 2) In the “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, Martin Luther King Jr. used ethos, pathos, and logos effectively to get his point across to his audience. This letter got his point across exceptionally well using these persuasive methods.…

    • 316 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In April of 1963, when segregation was at its peak, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was jailed for his civil rights efforts in Alabama. A few days after Kings’ arrest, a group of 8 local white clergymen got together and criticized his protests. While in his jail cell, King replied to the ministers as well as to the white middle class by writing his response on the margins of a newspaper and on toilet paper. He excels in the structure of his letter and the usage of pathos, ethos, and logos to protect him in the dispute. From his creditability of being the President of the SCLC, to the emotional appeal to the white moderate, all the way to the logical persuasion he uses by reasoning, King justifies his desire for racial justice.…

    • 820 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In Martin Luther King’s, Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” the majority of the text is persuasive using rhetoric appeals. The main purpose of this letter was to address the critiques of the eight ministers and one rabbi that targeted the peaceful demonstrations as well as argue his perspective about the demonstration as well as bring up existing issues that needs to be subjected to change. This section revolves around the harsh treatment of the African American community which had the strongest argument because it mainly focused on describing the cruel acts that were committed during this time due to racism and segregation. The strongest rhetoric appeal used in this letter was pathos because it changed the perspective of others because it affects their emotions which make paragraph fourteen the most persuasive.…

    • 1449 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Whether we realize it or not, every time we argue a point, we use one or more of the Aristotelian persuasion methods, which are Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. The Ethos method uses credibility and trust, the Pathos method targets emotion, and the Logos method appeals to logic. When Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his famous “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, which was a response to a letter from Birmingham clergymen, he needed a way to convince the clergymen that what he was doing was justified, and that his ideas were sensible. King used all three types of Aristotelian methods of persuasion in his “Letter From Birmingham Jail” in order to convince the clergymen to agree with his ideas of nonviolence and integration. It is most likely that the Ethos…

    • 1443 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the early 1960’s Martin Luther King Jr was confined in the Birmingham, Alabama prison cell along with almost 50 other civil rights activists and leaders. While King was restricted in his prison cell he wrote a letter in response to “A Call for Unity”, shaped by eight clergymen disapproving King’s demonstrations. The letter that King wrote in response to the clergymen changed the way religious leaders and other individuals in society view civil rights, without discrimination or repression. One of the largest reasons behind King’s letter being successful is the persuasive use of pathos. The appeal to pathos throughout the letter does not only support King’s claims but also makes the response to “The Call for Unity” purely indisputable.…

    • 697 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    When incommunicado time passed, he was permitted to contact and received a copy of a letter written by eight local clergymen from Birmingham Post-Herald. In that open letter, clergymen called the protest “unwise and untimely” that Dr. King opposed in his letter. Though the name of the king was not directly mentioned in the letter, he thought to reply to it. He used the approach of ethos, pathos, and logos to address his concerns. To solve the biggest issue Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” addressing to “Clergyman.”…

    • 1059 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    King uses great examples of logos to strengthen his argument by logically explaining the meaning of being an “extremist. Lastly, Martin Luther King Jr. uses pathos to connect to the readers emotionally. He shares a personal experience that will make readers feel sympathy for him and…

    • 934 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    King’s letter was not an innocent appeal, it was designed for manipulation. First, he defended his very presence in Birmingham by taking advantage of the patriotism that brought citizens from every state together to be American. He then listed in vibrant detail the injustices, past and present, heaped upon the backs of the African American race. King stood behind the civil disobedience that his group practiced with an explanation of his meaning of “unjust laws.” He refuted the claim that he and his followers were extremists by twisting the definition favorably in his direction.…

    • 1298 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    King’s letter exists as a lengthy appeal to emotion. Here, we must consider this in its effect on multiple audiences; the intended clergymen, and now as a historic piece, generations of everyday people. The situation in which King is writing is from the Birmingham City Jail, in response to a statement calling his campaigns for equality “unwise and untimely”. He disputes these claims in such a reasonable way that portrays his accuser’s to be especially cruel and unjust. His writing is abundant with detailed experiences of injustice had on his people, and his own disappointment in having “to explain to [his] six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the local amusement park that was advertised on television (King 3), making the letter more personal.…

    • 968 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In “My Dungeon Shook: A Letter to My Nephew” and “A Letter from Birmingham Jail,” James Baldwin and Martin Luther King Jr. write about the racial tension of their time, respectively. It is essential to note that the nephew, James, is a mean through which Baldwin addresses African Americans. In a similar manner, King addresses white moderates by directing his letter towards a particular group of Birmingham clergymen. Both authors utilize allusion and tone to subtly encourage their respective audience to challenge the limiting societal and cultural practices of the time. King, however, offers a concrete approach; while Baldwin offer an abstract approach that African-American can take to face the limitation and discriminations.…

    • 759 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Martin Luther King Jr. was an African American that lived and fought through racial oppression. He was one of the most well known leaders of nonviolent protests. Being a minority trying to persuade the privilege that it’s time for change is a tough job. In King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” has many components that are crucial to catching the audience attention and proving a point. In this letter Martin Luther King Jr. was responding back to rude comments that clergymen made about him and the protesting.…

    • 1284 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Birmingham City Jail

    • 1434 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Letter from Birmingham City Jail was written by Martin Luther King Jr. while he was sitting in his prison cell. Martin Luther King Jr. explains how he is disappointed in some people but proud of others for what they have done to stand up against the government. He exposes to people some examples of cruelty that the police and government are inflicting on innocent people for no reason and what others are doing to stop it. Letter from Birmingham City Jail is effective in the way that it appeals to our emotions and provides us with the reality of what happened. Letter from Birmingham City Jail provides the audience with many examples of cruelty that were happening in the area around them.…

    • 1434 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In contrast to Thoreau, King’s occasion for his “Letter to Birmingham Jail” was a response towards the letter published in a newspaper by eight Alabama clergymen. These eight individuals describe King’s intentions as full of abomination and barbarity, yet King defends himself responding that, “it is even more unfortunate that the white power structure left the Negro community with no alternative. In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps” (King 1), which indicates the hypocrisy of the white power toward the colored people as if they were the barbaric ones nonetheless, the government commenced the usage of brute force against the colored…

    • 1251 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, argued to his equality supporting peers that non-violent and instigative protests, while not as dignified as court battles, were fundamentally more potent and provocative. King successfully produced an appealing and effective message by integrating pathos and logos, utilizing faith based ethos, suitable literary devices, and a unique subtle tone that allowed him to maintain even-tempered and reasonable appeal in subject he was passionate and infuriated about. King wins the credibility of his peers by, firstly establishing they are his peers. He reminds them of his position as a reverend by citing the Alabama clergymen as “fellow clergymen”. Referring to his position as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and his invitation not Birmingham, he further established credibility by highlighting he is not merely a reverend creating social upheaval but a revered civic and religious leader whose presence is desired by the people of the city.…

    • 608 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays