Material and Method Subjects and samples- This was a case-control study conducted in King George’s Medical University, a tertiary-care teaching institute, and Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, a tertiary-care government non-teaching institute, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 1118 subjects were enrolled including 559 cases and 559 controls. Cases were defined as mothers (age 18-40 years) of live preterm neonates (birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation).…
Part A “Deviance Video & “5 Things about Deterrence” Qs:1. Explain what the opening speaker means when he says “the war on drugs has never been about drugs. ” What is the “war” really about? The war is truly about that society takes a look upon.…
It was represented by nine colonies throughout October 7th and October 25th. They created a petition to King George III, and several petitions to the Parliament and declaration of their rights describing how they were all being ignored. Finally on March 4th, 1766, the Stamp Act was repealed by the British Parliament, but issued a Declaratory Act at the same time to reaffirm its authority to pass any colonial legislation it saw fit. From this point on, the issues of taxation and representation raised by the Stamp Act strained relations with the colonies to the point where they later rose and rebelled against the British ten years later. Bibliography Hollitz, John.…
What is time? Time is a measure used to identify the order of events. Like the fish in water example it seems that time is natural and we do not notice it is manmade. We seem to have become so used to this idea that we do not think of time as something that is socially constructed. Social constructions of time is a way we try to giver order to our world.…
C. (2015). TOUGH ON CRIME OR TOUGH LUCK FOR THE INCARCERATED? EXPLORING THE ADVERSE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCING AND PUSHING FOR ACTION. Law & Psychology Review,…
There are over two million inmates in our nation’s prison system and sentencing has always been a reflection of the current sentiments of society. Before the introduction of determinate sentencing in the early eighties, the States followed an indeterminate sentencing model. It was the pressure from society to have the “punishment fit the crime” that caused our justice system to make changes in their sentencing guidelines. With these changes came mandatory minimums, when most prisoners were serving only a portion of their sentences, and the introduction to the determinate model. We will compare these two models of sentencing and the effects it has on our justice system as a whole.…
In order to prepare for this experience I made sure to complete it on a day where I had no school or work obligations. I also decided to do it the day before Thanksgiving so the next day would make up for the lack of human contact, food, and restricted activities. As for the mental and emotional aspect, I was not too worried and I did not feel as though I needed some sort of preparation. I tend to spend a lot of time alone in a small room. My main concern was definitely not being able to use electronics and the restricted bathroom and water breaks.…
In recent discussions of the jail system, a controversial issue has been whether incarceration has helped contribute to the efforts of decreasing crime On the one hand, some argue that mass incarceration is a horrible failure. On the other hand, however, others argue that incarceration brings crime down. In sum, then, the issue is whether mass incarceration is the solution to lowering the crime rate or not. Though many people assume that mass incarceration drops the crime rate, it still does not change how the same criminals that are incarcerated are being released from jail committing the same crimes over and over making it almost impossible to drop the crime rate.…
A system that affected the entire public turned into a disproportionate system that incarcerate a great deal of African Americans. Mass incarceration mainly impact the poor and minorities which has been disproportionately impacted by drug enforcement strategies. Relating to family and opportunity, a widespread of incarcerated men of low income communities which has a negative impact on social and cultural norms. Legal challenges have arisen since the enactment of the three strikes law in 1994. Twenty-five years to life for non-serious and nonviolent felonies were made possible because of the three Strikes law.…
A determinate sentence has been implemented in approximately one-third of the United States and is in conjunction with the three-strikes law, mandatory minimum sentences, truth-in-sentencing, and sentencing guidelines (Siegel & Bartollas, 2014). Judicial discretion can influence the magnitude of the sentence imposed on the defendant based on the volume of the crime and historical evidentiary characteristics of the defendant. Determinate sentences were weakened as indeterminate sentences became a new and rehabilitative method for detainees in the late 1800's and resulted in the formation of…
Throughout FYS we have mainly been reading from James Kilgore’s Understanding Mass Incarceration. Also, we have read a number of different authors shorter articles. We have conversed amongst the class and occasionally looked for our own answers outside of the assigned text. With the overwhelming amount of information available to us about mass incarceration we can start to develop our own opinions regarding the subject. A couple questions that could help us delve deeper into the subject could be “why are so many people being put in prison”?…
Some would agree that providing severe sentencing options would deter some offenders from engaging in crime. However, research is limited in regard to the direct impact that three strikes laws have on deterring crime. Proponents of these laws have cited empirical evidence that claims prisoners do acquire about their strike status, thus indicating a deterrent effect, however, this claim remains questionable due to a lack of statistical support. An analysis conducted by the RAND Corporation during the late 90’s, assumed that three strikes would not have a deterrent effect on potential offenders, but would have an incapacitate effect by reducing the number of felonies committed by adults in California between 22 and 34 percent (Dickey & Hollenhorst, 1995). In a follow-up assessment, RAND indicated that incarcerating people does prevent them from engaging in crime, but raised concern about the millions of dollars invested in prisons as the result of three strikes offenders, to prevent 60 crimes annually (Dickey & Hollenhorst,…
Crime and Punishment in America through the Years Crime and punishment in the United States of America has changed through the years’ time and time again. Presidents through time, as well as the American population, have been the cause for all the “see-sawing” between crime and punishment. Most of the recent back and forth comes from the human interpretation of what a “cruel and unusual punishment” is, and from the questions of justification for the state taking a life. These questions date back to 1767 when Cesare Beccaria’s published “Crime and Punishment,” an essay which helped abolitionists show their voice and views on capital punishment.…
In the last 40 years, incarceration in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. We have the highest incarceration rate in the world; we hold 5% of the world’s population, but house 25% of the world’s prisoners (Kelly 2015). The use of incarceration has gradually become a more acceptable and more used form of punishment. As a result, our prison population is overflowing with offenders ranging from petty theft criminals to violent offenders. As cited in the textbook, purposes of our justice system should be retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation, (Clear, Reisig, & Cole 2016, p.72-73) but we focus far too much on punishment first and rehabilitation second, if ever.…
All throughout the country, there has been a controversial discussion on the subject of how prisons should be used. People are arguing if prisons should be used for punishment or should prisons be utilized to rehabilitate the inmates? There are many people that think that punishment is the best answer because these criminals need to be taught a lesson for what they have done; although I would argue that this is not completely true. When criminals are punished it only makes them more hostile and anxious, which does not lead to any improvements for these inmates (Day).…