In scene 5 of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth alludes to the established motif that “fair is foul and foul is fair.” (1.1.12) when she says, “Look like th' innocent flower, but be the serpent under ’t.”(1.5.56-57) and, “to alter favor ever is to fear.” (1.5.64). With both of these sentences Lady Macbeth is telling her husband to conceal his foul intentions with the look of innocents. Shakespeare chose to have her repeat this motif to connect her to the witches, which consequently, ties her to evil and darkness. Lady Macbeth is also connected to the witches with two other motifs: smoke and rhythm. She calls up the “smoke of hell” to hide her actions (1.5.42) just like how the witches were covered by smoke in the very first scene. This establishes the
