Lactococcus lactis is a microbe classified informally as a Lactic Acid Bacterium because it ferments milk sugar (lactose) to lactic acid. Lactococci are typically spherical or ovoid cells, about 1.2µm by 1.5µm, occurring in pairs and short chains. They are Gram-positive, non motile, and do not form spores. Lactococci are found associated with plant material, mainly grasses, from which they are easily inoculated into milk. Hence, they are found normally in milk and may be a natural cause of souring.…
Minoxidil, an antihypertensive vasodilator medication, which was developed in the 1950’s by a company called Upjohn originally used to treat ulcers. During their experiments with dogs, they figured out that it did not cure ulcers, but acted as a vasodilator. Due to this recent discovery, Upjohn was able to develop a compound called Minoxidil in 1963 as well as being able to synthesize over 200 variations of the compound. The molecular structure and compound of Minoxidil is C9H15N50, made entirely of nonmetals with the molecular weight being 209.2483 g/mol, the UIPAC name being 3 hydroxy, 2 imino, 6 piperidin, 1 ylpyrimidin, and 4 amine. The percentage composition of carbon being 51.65, hydrogen being 7.24, nitrogen being 33.47, and oxygen being 7.64.…
solution, because it is the source of the Grignard reagent. Because the halide cannot be eliminated, the next best option is to minimize the amount of halide in the reaction. In this experiment, a small concentration of the halide is reacted with a high concentration of magnesium to ensure maximum contact between halides and magnesium. To do this, magnesium will be placed in the round bottom flask and then halides are slowly added. Another potential source of error is that Grignard reagents must be placed far away from water sources.…
To begin Lab 10 of Chem 115, students received permission to start the lab procedure after completion of prelab. First, students made a 25.0 mL of a 0.15 M Malonic Acid and 0.20 M Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate solution and labeled it "Solution 1". After the solution was made, a piece of parafilm was used to seal the flask before mixing it well. Next, a 25.0 mL of a 0.20 M Potassium Iodate solution, using 0.080 M sulfuric acid as a solvent, was made. Before adding the acid, students heated about 25 mL of the acid in a 100 mL volumetric flask.…
The purpose of this lab was to iodonize salicylamide and characterize the product in order to determine its structure. The crude product of this reaction was recrystallized using ethanol. The white crystalline product was isolated using vacuum filtration and characterized. The percent yield of this reaction was determined to be 39%. The observed experimental melting point of the product was determined to be 235-137 oC. When compared to the literature melting point 228 oC of the predicted product, 5-iodosalicylamide, it can be concluded that the product is very pure.…
Amino Hydrate was created to meet the body's need to stay hydrated, while sparing that hard-earned muscle. What makes Amino Hydrate unique is that it utilizes key forms of electrolytes and branched chain amino acids, while maintaining optimal concentration levels (osmolarity) to prevent further dehydration. Simply put, most sports drinks actually dehydrate individuals because they are too concentrated with sugars and have less than optimal levels of electrolytes. The combination of branched chain amino acids and key electrolytes will provide the “True Hydration,” growth, and recovery we all need. Hydration…
This drug is classified as an electrolyte supplement that is used to treat or prevent the condition of hypokalemia. There are no off-label uses for this drug. Significant adverse reactions consist of hyperkalemia, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation of the drug. Major drug interactions are with ACE inhibitors, anticholinergic agents, and heparin.…
close to 10 percentage of male in the united states every yr gets plagued by erectile dysfunction, or impotence. Impotence or Erectile dysfunction is normally understood because the lack of ability to have or hold an erection that is ample for sexual exercise. There has been a colossal number of guys consuming familiar Cialis as a scientific treatment for his or her impotence. Ordinary Cialis is consumed orally and has quickly turn out to be one of the most prescribed medications. Urologists and non-urology professionals usually provide this medication to their sufferers for the cure of erectile dysfunction.…
It used to be referred to as Cl-581. In different ways, over the years, Ketamine has had different roles. For…
Humanity’s advances throughout history have always amazed scientists; humans have gone far beyond their natural abilities and surpassing the seemingly impossible. The difference that conveys human from the less complex counterparts, animals, is centred on the abilities within the brain; human intelligence has an extraordinary capacity for knowledge. The brain has assisted with human species’ survival for many generations. Even present day, humans are continuously evolving by learning and developing new technology. Discoveries by the hands of individuals also aids in the development of lowering the mortality rate within the human species, therefore generating longer lifespans for the human race.…
Butorphanol is extremely harmful when used incorrectly. Warnings exist for abuse, addiction and misuse. The use of butorphanol injection exposes patients and users to the risks of opioid addiction or abuse. Your doctor will do a full evaluation and monitor the effects and your behavior to prevent misuse, causing unsafe or toxic after-effects.…
Anti-seizure medications have been used in the past to help moderate pain, but it was replaced by Lyrica back in…
Lignocaine is a widely used local anaesthetic. This drug shows inhibition of peristalsis due to its ability to block sodium ion protein channels in the nerves of the body. This prevents the initiation and rapid increase of nerve action potentials, this allows for its use as a local anaesthetic by acting on nociceptive neurons (Dale et al., 2015). This will then result in diminished amplitudes of contractions and indicates that only partial inhibition was occurring.…
To some people, small amounts of the compounds phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste very bitter; other people do not taste these compounds. In 1932, a scientist by the name of Fox was working in a lab with phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) when a colleague complained about the bitter taste of the chemical dust Fox was spreading around. Fox insisted that it was tasteless. To settle the disagreement, he had other colleagues taste the PTC and discovered that it had a strong bitter taste for some people, while others found it tasteless. This led to a large body of research on PTC tasting and what made it possible for some to taste it, while others couldn’t (McDonald 2011.)…
One important aspect of organic chemistry is the synthesis of new compounds. It is also important for chemists to understand how to perform certain techniques, such as extraction and distillation, to produce the new products, which are usually drugs and cures for illnesses. In this experiment, n-butyl bromide was produced. n-Butyl bromide is an alkyl halide, which are usually synthesized by an alcohol and an acid. In the case of n-butyl bromide, n-butyl alcohol was used along with sodium bromide and sulfuric acid.…