According to chapter two the theory of deviancy has evolved because of many different ideas. For instance, orthodox criminology played a role in the new deviancy theory by trying to draw the line between 'normal' and 'deviant'. This sort of criminology defined 'normal' as conforming to culture where as 'deviance' was lacking the culture. Therefore, failure of society to train culture plays a huge role in who is included and who is left out which leads to the labeling theory. The labeling theory explained cultural process through exclusion, mass media, and public defined deviancy that has become distorted creating various stereotypes. Labeling theory suggests that what is deviant in one culture may or may not be deviant in the next, so therefore
