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The areas that will be outlined are the collective unconscious, primordial images, and the main focus will be on the well-adjusted person and the archetype shadow as these provide a sound basis to the analysis of Bart’s personality trait from a Neo-Freudian prospective. Jung claimed that we all have a part of our mind called the collective unconscious (Burger, 2004; Weiten, 2002). Thoughts and images are contained in the collective unconscious; these are difficult to bring into awareness (Burger, 2004; Weiten, 2002). According to Jung, unconscious psychic characteristics are inherited from our ancestors (Burger, 2004; Weiten, 2002). In addition, primordial images are contained in the collective unconscious which gives newborns an ability to react in a certain manner to an infinite amount of images that maybe encounter throughout the life (Burger, 2004). Archetypes are the term Jung ascribed to these images. Collectively they consist of both good and evil (Burger, 2004). The shadow is amongst some of these archetypes Jung described as important (Burger,
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The focus will be on the combination of traits which together form supertraits and the biological differences between extroverts and introverts. Eysenck has developed a strategy which divides the fundamentals of personality into a hierarchically arranged structure (Burger, 2004). The bottom level of this structure is the specific response level consisting of specific behaviours (Burger, 2004). The next level of the structure is the habitual response level (Burger, 2004). At this level a response is considered habitual when it occurs on a regular basis such as a few times a week (Burger, 2004). If this habitual response continues to occur consistently across time Eysenck would classify this as a trait belonging to the individual (Burger, 2004). This trait is located on the third level of the model (Burger, 2004). In addition, Eysenck proposed that a combination of these third level traits contribute to the supertraits of extraverted, introverted, and various levels of each in the form of stable and unstable/neurotic (Burger, …show more content…
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory asserts that human beings are not just passive recipients of the stimuli that they are continuously exposed to in their environment (Burger, 2004). Bandura argues that there are internal and external determinants of behaviour (Burger, 2004). However, Bandura further argues that neither internal, external nor a simple combination can alone determine behaviour (Burger, 2004). In order to account for this phenomenon Bandura coined the concept reciprocal determinism (Burger, 2004). Reciprocal determinism has multiple levels at which various interactions occur when determining behaviour. For example, “external determinants, such as rewards and punishments, and internal determinants, such as beliefs, thoughts, and expectations, are part of a system of interacting influences that affect not only behaviour but the various parts of the system as well” (Burger, 2004, p. 388). Therefore, it is this interaction between these various levels which in turn contribute to determining behaviour. According to Burger (2004) the concept of vicarious or observational learning could be seen as social-cognitive theories’ most important contribution to understanding human
The focus will be on the combination of traits which together form supertraits and the biological differences between extroverts and introverts. Eysenck has developed a strategy which divides the fundamentals of personality into a hierarchically arranged structure (Burger, 2004). The bottom level of this structure is the specific response level consisting of specific behaviours (Burger, 2004). The next level of the structure is the habitual response level (Burger, 2004). At this level a response is considered habitual when it occurs on a regular basis such as a few times a week (Burger, 2004). If this habitual response continues to occur consistently across time Eysenck would classify this as a trait belonging to the individual (Burger, 2004). This trait is located on the third level of the model (Burger, 2004). In addition, Eysenck proposed that a combination of these third level traits contribute to the supertraits of extraverted, introverted, and various levels of each in the form of stable and unstable/neurotic (Burger, …show more content…
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory asserts that human beings are not just passive recipients of the stimuli that they are continuously exposed to in their environment (Burger, 2004). Bandura argues that there are internal and external determinants of behaviour (Burger, 2004). However, Bandura further argues that neither internal, external nor a simple combination can alone determine behaviour (Burger, 2004). In order to account for this phenomenon Bandura coined the concept reciprocal determinism (Burger, 2004). Reciprocal determinism has multiple levels at which various interactions occur when determining behaviour. For example, “external determinants, such as rewards and punishments, and internal determinants, such as beliefs, thoughts, and expectations, are part of a system of interacting influences that affect not only behaviour but the various parts of the system as well” (Burger, 2004, p. 388). Therefore, it is this interaction between these various levels which in turn contribute to determining behaviour. According to Burger (2004) the concept of vicarious or observational learning could be seen as social-cognitive theories’ most important contribution to understanding human