Judicial Definitions

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Judicial review
Def: This is the power of the court to rule on the constitutionality of laws. This power was established in the case of Marbury vs. Madison
Sig: This allows the court to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional, this gives the court more power
Appellate courts
Def: These courts are responsible for hearing and reviewing appeals that have been tried in other or lower-level courts
Sig: They will determine if a trial or lower court correctly applied the law.
Jurisdiction
Def: The court's power to hear and decide the ruling on a particular case
Sig: Without jurisdiction, a court does not have the legal authority to pass judgement on the case
Appellate jurisdiction
Def: The power to review decisions made by a lower court
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Judicial implementation
Def: This refers to how and whether court decisions are made into policies, which would affect the behaviors of other people
Sig: The main way of limiting a court's power lies within judicial implementation. The rulings must be enforced by the executive branch however, they can sometimes ignore it or only partially enforce it.
Dissenting opinion
Def: its an opinion in a legal case that is written by another judge who disagrees with the majority opinion
Sig: Sometimes majority opinions aren’t right, so the dissenting opinions can open a discussion about the constitutional issue, which can sometimes reverse the majority opinion.
Injunction
Def: This is a judicial order that forces a person or group to stop doing something.
Sig: These stop people from doing certain acts. If they aren't followed, the group can then face criminal or civil penalties.
Writ of habeas corpus
Def: This requires a person in custody to be present at their own trial.
Sig: This ensures that those who are in custody are still promised their rights and able to attend their own
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Often they will make congress decide. An example would be the 2nd amendment
Sig: This is significant because it will often result in congress making a decision because it is a disputed topic and the court doesn’t want to decide.
Attorney General
Def: They are the head of the justice department and the chief law enforcement officer. They give legal advice to the government
Sig: They are significant because they represent the US in all legal matters.
Standing
Def: A legal rule which states who is able to start a lawsuit
Sig: This is important when it comes to determining who is able to challenge the laws and/or actions of government
Article III
Def: It states that the judicial power is vested in one supreme court, and in inferior courts as congress may sometimes ordain and establish.
Sig: Defines the judicial branch, the restraints, powers, and treason common law
Def: A law established that is based on prior judicial decisions
Sig: This is significant because it requires judges to make their decisions consistent with previous

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