The world is a vast place, filled with numerous individuals, all characterized by unique qualities. John Stuart Mill, a 19th century writer, philosopher, and businessman who placed great importance on those who find and offer new ideas, theorized that the two primary qualities in life were originality and genius. An original person is one who is independent of all others and is unique in all that they do, and someone who displays genius is unusually intelligent and creative. In “Genius and Originality”, Mill suggests that these qualities are indispensable in society since they prevent life and knowledge from becoming static, and without them, society cannot progress. He proposes that conformity is preventing genius and originality from flourishing, while freedom allows them to thrive.…
Forcing someone to do or not to do something is morally unacceptable. Mill was also an advocate in free speech. He thought it was necessary for creativity, knowledge, and personal growth. He believed it was important for the people of the state to debate public policy. There are many similarities and differences between Aristotle and Mill.…
This paper will endeavor to apply John Stuart Mill’s model of free speech to a situation brought to the forefront in an episode of TVO’s The Agenda, titled What is Wrong with Mark Steyn? The episode explores the issue of Maclean’s magazine refusing to publish a response to a series of articles by Steyn that were being viewed as hateful, as well as potentially harmful, to Muslim people in Canada. It will be argued that Mill would advocate for Maclean’s to publish a response to Steyn’s hateful speech because, if not challenged and clarified by opposing opinion, such speech could lead to direct harm of Canada’s Muslim population. However, while this paper will generally agree with Mill’s likely position in regards to the free speech issues raised…
All of their actions are a ‘matter of common concern’ and affect the society as a whole (Hobhouse, 1911:120). In this sense, the author argues with Mill’s “Harm Principle”, as Mill claimed that ‘the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others’ (Mill,1859:14). In contrast to that, Hobhouse suggested that there is no aspect of the life of an individual which is indifferent to the society and can be ignored. According to his beliefs, “humanity lies deeper than all distinctions of rank, and class, and colour … and of sex” (Hobhouse,1911:121). This means that there have to be certain conditions in the society of human growth, as “the foundation of liberty is the idea of growth”(Hobhouse,1911:122).…
Mill does not see this and does not accept it. He refuses to acknowledge that by giving up some freedoms means the potential gain of state protection. Today, we view this protection, provided by the government, as a freedom. It allowed society to live their life in peace and, not be afraid to go out and be…
The basic dictionary definition of freedom is the power to act without hindrance. That basic definition doesn’t have much to offer to the ideas of virtue, which is exemplary high moral standards. However, after studying how men such as Seneca, Epictetus, and Mill view freedom, the definition of freedom can be expound upon. The expansion on the definition of freedom leads to a stronger relation between freedom and virtue.…
The Argument of Utilitarianism In “Utilitarianism” John Stuart Mill presents the case of Utilitarianism as a moral theory. Moral theories are structured as a set of statements used to predict a set of factors or concept. Moral theories are thought to be universal and tell which action is the right one in any given situation. Utilitarianism is one the most influential and best known moral theories, often called “The Greatest Happiness Principles”.…
In other words, if an individual rejects or contradicts the ideas expressed by the community, the community should be able to force that individual to submit to their opinions. It is at this point in which Rousseau and Mill differ. This act of forcing conformity would be seen as a form of tyranny to Mill who values the freedom of the individual. In order for society to progress, individual freedoms must always be expressed foremost. Indeed, Mill agrees that man should not behave in ways that would harm others but they should still be free to do as they wish.…
Mill, for instance, supported government, however, expressly stating that the power of government should be limited to prevent the government from “preying on the flock.” He believed that there needed to be certain political rights or liberties which would be regarded as a “breach of duty” if the government in place were to violate it. In fact, Mill felt that a rebellion was a justifiable response to such breaches of liberty akin to Marx’s belief that a proletariat revolution was necessary for progress. Such breaches may include the removal of certain freedoms such as the freedom of speech, which Mill believed was necessary for the advancement of society. Moreover, Mill believed in the establishment of “constitutional checks,” in which the community or its representatives gained some power of consent in important acts of the governing power.…
The criterion of right and wrong controversy has yet to be concluded though many years of argumentation have ensued. Mill attempts to explain the criterion of right and wrong using the concept of utilitarianism. Utility is not something that should be contrasted with pleasure, but rather pleasure itself with the freedom of pain. The criterion of right and wrongness is introduced for utility as the actions are right in proportion if they promote happiness and are wrong in proportion if they produced the reverse of happiness. Happiness is defined by pleasure and the absence of pain and unhappiness is vice versa.…
Mill has a prominent theory of liberty which he wrote about in his book 'On Liberty' in which the aim of the text is elaborate on and to defend the principle on which 'the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual' (Gray 2013), and he would then go on and describe liberty as 'the importance, to man and society, of a large variety in types of character, and of giving full freedom to human nature to expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions.' He argues that the only authoritative power that can exert power upon people is that of society itself. He again argues that the times where one's liberty can be interfered with by society or certain individuals are for reasons of self-protection. He finds that when a certain law or any public opinion may be good for one's own good and their welfare, but that this not mean that these laws or opinions can be used to coerce others and that coercion is only acceptable when an individual may cause harm to another (Gingell et al 2000). Mill's theories were influenced by his father James Mill, and by fellow philosopher Jeremy Bentham and Bentham's subsequent philosophy of Utilitarianism.…
John Stuart Mill the liberal and Jean-Jacques Rousseau the republican, are two political philosophers whom focussed on the integration of political liberty with the relationship found between that of the individual, society and the state by the means of power or authority. Both of these political thinkers formed their arguments in their writings, namely; On Liberty (1859) by Mill, and The Social Contract (1913) by Rousseau. On a more specific scale, their views differed in much contrast, whereby Rousseau claims that people and individuals of society may only acquire the entity of freedom through a transitioning process from the natural state to the civil state, whereby they would have to conform to the general will as the common good. On the…
Summum bonum is the highest form of good according to the values and priorities in an ethical system. For John Stuart Mill, the summum bonum is happiness. Mill is lead to this belief by regarding happiness as the ultimate aim of humanity – to live a life as free from pain and as rich in enjoyment as possible. This is the ideology of utilitarianism, or Mill’s moral theory that judges the ethicality of an action following its utility. Mill’s argument of chapter 2 of Utilitarianism is defining the greatest happiness principle and addressing misconceptions and criticisms opponents have.…
John Stuart mill in his autobiography “A Crisis in My Mental History One Stage Onward” (1909-14),argues that you should not look for happiness but you should help others and on the way you will find your happiness. He supports his claim by first saying that if we focus on others mankind will be better and we all would be able to find happiness. Mill’s purpose is to show that if we all were nice to each other and helped each other the world would be better. He creates a serious tone for his American audience. What I thought of John Stuart mill’s autobiography.…
It is out of the power of Mill’s ethical claim to capture whether or not the consequences of certain actions are to be acknowledged as good or bad. Solely centralizing on the power of an action’s outcomes is merely not enough to classify the act as just or unjust. Rather, by recognizing the importance of an action’s principle, or reason to determine its true moral worth; and therefore neglecting the ethics behind John Stuart Mill. Work…