The south’s black codes started during the reconstruction era, when the blacks were freed from slavery. The southern whites did not like how the recently freed blacks had the same amount of rights they had, so legislatures across the south passed black codes. Black codes are laws intended to restrict the freedom and opportunities of African Americans (Hart, 135). The codes restricted the black to have very few rights, such as owning land, marry file lawsuits and work for wages. the codes also enforced workers for former slave owners by requiring former slaves to sign yearly labor contracts, and if they did not they would be forced to work for free.…
Racial Profiling Lately in the news and media, there have been many cases of racial profiling and police shootings. This topic seems to be increasing throughout the media and it is getting out of hand. An example of this is when Trayvon Martin suffered a fatal tragedy when he was racially profiled by an on duty police officer. The victim was completely innocent, and he was coming back from the store at night time with possession of skittles and his hoodie was on. In the article, “Jim Crow Policing,” Bob Herbert provides statistics about Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites stopped and frisked by racial profiling.…
In the United States, we see minimum harsh punishments given to drug criminals because the court system, in order to save money and other resources, doesn’t want to hear the drug court cases. When drug cases appear in court, it is up to the judge to decide the sentencing for the criminal. Many judges are awarding these criminals with a minimum harsh sentencing right away, making everything easier for the courts by not even having the case go to court. According to the book, The New Jim Crow, written by Michelle Alexander, “‘The value of a mandatory minimum sentence lies not in its imposition, but in its value as a bargaining chip to be given away in return for the resource-saving plea from the defendant to a more leniently sanctioned charge’”…
In chapter three of the New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander, Alexander starts off the chapter with two different stories of two African-American parents who were wrongly arrested during a drug bust. She then goes by saying the arrests ruined their families and career. Alexander points out how society would react if these were white individuals being charged and losing their families and emphasising how outraged they would be because of how unjust the law enforcement system. She then goes on regarding the war on drugs and how African and Latino American sare 80%-90% more likely to be in jail for drug-related crimes while white Americans are not, although their percentages in drug bust have increased. In this chapter, Alexander attempts to go through how and why American societies are unconcerned when it comes to the individuals who are getting negatively affected by the War on Drugs.…
In The New Jim Crow, by Michelle Alexander, a comparison is made between modern mass incarceration, fueled by the War on Drugs, and old Jim Crow laws. This comparison is made through the examination of the American police state and felons rights in relation to black bodies. While this issue is something that, Alexander argues, affects primarily black people in the United States, the book is clearly aimed at a white educated audience for whom these issues have less direct ramifications. This affects the solutions proposed at the end of the book, framing them in a way that perpetuates the oppressor/oppressed binary by allowing white people to use their power to guide the revolution rather than making it one that is in the hands of the very people the system oppresses.…
Over the course of America’s history, the ideas of of a perfect society filled with stability has been the main focus of our country 's government system. The ideas of power have a significant influence on the way our country has developed. The constitution was a document created in order to spread power and to establish equality between all individuals. Within the preamble of the constitution contains the set goals of what our country was intended to achieve by our Founding Fathers. During the 19th century the United States as a whole had attempted, but ultimately did not achieve its goals of promoting general welfare, establishing Justice and securing the blessing of liberty.…
Thus, the law must protect both the owner and the slave from any peril. The laws were also designed to replace the social controls of slavery that were removed from the Emancipation Proclamation and to keep African Americans in poverty. (2) Unfortunately, along with what was listed above, it was meant to assure that White supremacy was still enforced. These laws also came with some legal rights: in court their testimony was not taken if it involved a White, they could not make and contracts or own any property, and if they were to be attacked, they could not fight back if the other person were to be White. Along with the legal rights, there are certain restrictions that they had to follow such as; not having the ability to be taught how to read or write, could not carry firearms, and many other things.…
Jules Tygiel quoted in her book, "Baseball's Great Experiment" a man by the name of C. Vann Woodward as he said, "There is more Jim Crow practiced in the South than there are Jim Crow laws on the books. "Jim Crow law forbade whites and blacks from attending the same school, riding on the same sections of trains and buses, receiving the same treatments in hospitals and competing in the same athletic games. It was known that if Black's challenged these laws they would challenge not only everything they have but their lives as well. It wasn't until a man named Jackie Robinson and the Brooklyn Dodgers President Branch Rickey, would try to end the Jim Crow laws in baseball by signing Robinson to play for his team.…
“More African Americans are under the control of the criminal justice system today – in prison or jail, on probation or parole – than were enslaved in 1850. Discrimination in housing, education, employment, and voting rights, which many Americans thought was wiped out by the civil rights laws of the 1960s, is now perfectly legal against anyone labeled a “felon’’.—said Michelle Alexander, the author of the book ‘The New Jim Crow’. In her book Michelle Alexander evokes many important issues that are running rampant in our society concerning the unfair treating of our criminal justice system towards African-Americans. " The New Jim Crow" highlights the racial dimensions of the War on Drugs, refuting its ‘real purpose’, that instead of combatting…
After the Civil war, the United States had to welcome a formerly slave population and a formerly rebellious population back into the country. Just as slavery was the center of the Civil war, center to Reconstruction was the effort to ensure that former slaves had the right to breathe full meaning into their newly acquired freedom, and to claim their rights as citizens. The Reconstruction period, under the guidance of President Andrew Jackson, was a time to make reunion possible. With their newly founded freedom, African Americans were, supposedly, equal to white men. Freedom, the ability to express what you want and when you want to without care or concern of other’s opinion, was not always given the way it should have been.…
Part One-Jim Crow The Jim Crow system was a post-Reconstruction series of legislation that established legally authorized racial segregation of the African American population of the south. The Jim Crow system ended in the 1950s with the beginning of the civil rights movement. As Hewitt and Lawson wrote, “these new statutes denied African Americans equal access to public facilities and ensured that blacks lived apart from whites.” With the 1896 Supreme Court ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson the court upheld the legality of the Jim Crow legislation.…
Although The United States had many accomplishes after the Civil War, such as the abolishment of slavery, millions of African Americans still experienced racism that denied them economic, political, and social rights. One major obstacle black Americans faced was sharecropping. Sharecropping was an agricultural system in which landless people farmed on a section of someone else’s land and received a portion of profit from the sale of crops. Sharecroppers were overwhelming black former slaves, while the landowners were white. This system was unfair because the sharecroppers were forced to buy all of their supplies from the landowners, who inflated their prices to exploit African Americans.…
Proximately 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, Colored Americans in Southern states still had a blunt unequal world of segregation and sundry forms of oppression, including race-influenced brutality. “Jim Crow” laws at the local and verbalize levels barred them from schools and restrooms, from theaters and certain transportation, from courts and constitutional rights. In 1954, the high court established the “separate but equal” law that composed the substratum for state-approved segregation, bringing international and national awareness to African Americans’ struggle. In the unstable decade and a moiety that followed, civil rights activists used peaceful protests and civil incompliance to establish change, and the federal regime made legislative improvement with actions such as the 1965 Voting Rights and the 1968 Civil Rights Act.…
1. The three schools of thought Philip Q. Yang mentions in his book are Primordialism, constructionism, and instrumentalism. Primordialism is the belief an ethnic identity or affiliation is fixed and biologically defined. For instance, some people have the false belief African Americans are inferior to White Americans, or different races having biological advantages in certain sports.…
In the 1930’s, white Americans devoted their lives to an idea that America was “separate but equal”. White Americans did an exceptional job keeping their lives isolated from African Americans, yet they did a very poor job keeping their lives separate. During the 1930’s, Jim Crow Laws were in place; Jim Crow Laws were, “A practice or policy of segregating or discrimination against blacks, as in public areas” (Kipfer & Chapman). Jim Crow Laws originated in the Deep South during the times of slavery (Knowles & Brown). The name Jim Crow comes from a character named Jim Crow in a minstrel show (“Jim Crow Laws”) .…