Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget, is generally attributed with the formalization of the theory of constructivism. Piaget articulated how individuals construct new knowledge based on their experiences. The theory evolved from the extensive study of cognitive development by Piaget and the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. Constructivists believe that children learn through an active participation in experiences. Piaget believed that a mental process had to happen with new information. "… all knowledge is tied to action, and knowing an object or an event is to use it by assimilating it to an action scheme…" Piaget, 1967, pp. 14-15. Piaget explains cognitive development resulting from four factors, maturation, experience, social transmission,
