al. prepared new aminocellulose derivatives by nucleophilic substitution reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA) and selected oligoamines starting from 6(2)-O-tosylcellulose (DSTos= 0.8 that reacted with (EDA), (DETA), (DPTA), (TETA). All the synthesized aminocellulose tosylates were soluble in water, and their transparent films formed complexes with Cu2+ ions, and used to immobilize glucose oxidase enzyme86, scheme 34. Liu et al. studied the effect of temperature and solvent on the nucleophilic substitution reactions of tosyl cellulose by butylamine and pyridine. The reactions were conducted at different temperatures (25, 50, 75 and 100 oC). The highest regioselective substitution at C-6 was achieved at 25 and 50 oC. While the substitution at C-2 occurred at the higher temperature and the rate of substitution in neat butylamine is higher than that in the presence of DMSO. The substitution of tosyl group by pyridine on C-6 only proceeded by boiling in pyridine at 100 oC for 90 h, and on C2 at 145 oC, scheme …show more content…
Then the nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and diameter of 76, 111 and 176 nm were formulated by the dialysis method. The nanoparticles were labeled through covalent attachment to rhodamine dye for in vitro cellular uptrake studies. The safety toxic profile, stability and the enhanced cellular uptake of the particles by various cell lines made them suitable material for bio-medical applications, scheme 3991. P. H. Elchinger et al. successfully cross-linked starch with cellulose. Where Azide cellulose prepared from tosyl cellulose was cross-linked with propargyl starch using Cu(I) as a catalyst, scheme 4092. The benzoxazine-modified cellulose polymer was obtained by grafting benzooxazine to tosyl cellulose. The new cellulosic polymer is characterized by its resistance to flame compared to the pure cellulose fiber, scheme 4193. Aiming to develop a highly cost-effective colorimetric assay for pathogenic DNA detection, D. Saikrishnan et al. were able to immobilize sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of pathogenic bacterial DNA sequence IS6110 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the surface of tosyl