1.1 History and development of Rugby
Collins (2002) stressed rugby not only for killing time, but also became an educational instrument. World Rugby (2014) proposed rugby is a team sport which is a full-contact and fast-moving activity. Also, it provided benefits for social and health. In United States, rugby also was the fastest growth sports. It was the second popular sports after football (Utah Youth Rugby, 2017). Rugby have called ‘Elegant Violence’ by the players (Fields & Comstock, 2008).
Before 1823, the name of rugby is called rugby football and it was played like soccer. Yet, it allowed the players to catch the ball. Since 1823, a boy called William Webb Ellis picked the football up and ran with it. The rules had not accepted …show more content…
The generally definition of motivation were intra- and interindividual variability in behavior. Kanfer (1990) proposed motivation research usually had 3 dependent variable which were direction of behavior, intensity of action and persistence of behaviors. Motivation had 2 features that people deserve to focus. First, motivation was an energizing power. Second, the power of motivation effected the action’s forms, directions, intensity and duration (Meyer, Becker & Vandenberghe, 2004).
Beck (2004) stated that motivation focused on our movements or actions and what factors determines them. The factors may be internal or external. The precondition of motivation was a goal or desirable result that we expected or avoided. Keller (cited in Dickinson, 1995, p. 168) also stated that “Motivation refers to the choices people make as to what experiences or goals they will approach or avoid, and the degree of effort they will exert in that respect”. Both Beck and Keller believed that the goals were the major element of motivation. Locke (1991, 1997) proposed the major part of motivation process was goal setting. He believed all the behavior of motivation oriented goals. Goals could be self-generated or assigned by other people. The common self-generated goals derived from the four factors which included human needs, personal values, personality …show more content…
The action of person was motivated by the fun and challenge and it was not motivated by the prods, pressure or rewards (White, 1959). Human was an organism which possessed curiosity and active action. They would learn and explore the world everywhere and every moment. Benware & Deci (1984 cited in Ryan & Deci, 2000) proposed that compared the children with intrinsic motivation and children with extrinsic motivation, the children with intrinsic motivation had the better learning and initiative. The children with intrinsic motivation tended to explore and extend themselves (Grolnick, Deci & Ryan, 1997 cited in Ryan & Deci,2000). The athletes practiced the sports might due to the interesting of sports or satisfaction of learning. They played sports in order to
Collins (2002) stressed rugby not only for killing time, but also became an educational instrument. World Rugby (2014) proposed rugby is a team sport which is a full-contact and fast-moving activity. Also, it provided benefits for social and health. In United States, rugby also was the fastest growth sports. It was the second popular sports after football (Utah Youth Rugby, 2017). Rugby have called ‘Elegant Violence’ by the players (Fields & Comstock, 2008).
Before 1823, the name of rugby is called rugby football and it was played like soccer. Yet, it allowed the players to catch the ball. Since 1823, a boy called William Webb Ellis picked the football up and ran with it. The rules had not accepted …show more content…
The generally definition of motivation were intra- and interindividual variability in behavior. Kanfer (1990) proposed motivation research usually had 3 dependent variable which were direction of behavior, intensity of action and persistence of behaviors. Motivation had 2 features that people deserve to focus. First, motivation was an energizing power. Second, the power of motivation effected the action’s forms, directions, intensity and duration (Meyer, Becker & Vandenberghe, 2004).
Beck (2004) stated that motivation focused on our movements or actions and what factors determines them. The factors may be internal or external. The precondition of motivation was a goal or desirable result that we expected or avoided. Keller (cited in Dickinson, 1995, p. 168) also stated that “Motivation refers to the choices people make as to what experiences or goals they will approach or avoid, and the degree of effort they will exert in that respect”. Both Beck and Keller believed that the goals were the major element of motivation. Locke (1991, 1997) proposed the major part of motivation process was goal setting. He believed all the behavior of motivation oriented goals. Goals could be self-generated or assigned by other people. The common self-generated goals derived from the four factors which included human needs, personal values, personality …show more content…
The action of person was motivated by the fun and challenge and it was not motivated by the prods, pressure or rewards (White, 1959). Human was an organism which possessed curiosity and active action. They would learn and explore the world everywhere and every moment. Benware & Deci (1984 cited in Ryan & Deci, 2000) proposed that compared the children with intrinsic motivation and children with extrinsic motivation, the children with intrinsic motivation had the better learning and initiative. The children with intrinsic motivation tended to explore and extend themselves (Grolnick, Deci & Ryan, 1997 cited in Ryan & Deci,2000). The athletes practiced the sports might due to the interesting of sports or satisfaction of learning. They played sports in order to