Relationship between the age of first exposure and the effects on children
Fantuzzo, Boruch, Beriama, Atkins and Markus (1997) found that there is age vulnerability according to the risk for witnessing IPV. The younger the children are, the higher the risk for exposure to more forms of violence and for witnessing IPV. Kilpatrick and Williams (1998) found in their study that most of the children exposed to Intimate Partner Violence were up to 4 years old. Jarvis, Gordon and Novaco (2005) have shown that children in the age of 2 or 3 years old are often the victims when it comes to IPV.
Bernstein (2000) had a theory that younger children have a more limited cognitive ability and they are less able to cope with events as IPV than older children. …show more content…
For younger children a positive relationship with the mother was a protective factor in decreasing the effects of IPV (Grych, Raynor & Fosco, 2004). On the contrary a negative mother-child relationship was associated with the severity of IPV in children ages 3 to 5 (Johnson & Lieberman, 2007). Turner and Kopiec (2006) found in their study that there was a positive correlation between alcohol abuse and depression and the adult’s history of IPV. This was still the case after controlling for other factors involved like demographic factors, divorce of parents and the parent’s direct experience with child abuse. Levendosky and Graham-Bermann (2001) compared families without IPV to families with IPV. They found that traumatic stress and mother’s depression were linked to the relationship between parenting difficulties and exposure to …show more content…
Family interventions can also support the recovery and healing process for these children. These interventions are successful if they seek to change the attitudes of the child about violence, reduce the anxiety and self-blame and increase appropriate social behavior and self-esteem (Graham-Bermann, 2000). Shepard (1992) found that interventions that strengthen and protect the mother’s mental health can be effective in helping children exposed to violence. The most important intervention found for children exposed to violence is building support across community, schools and families. This intervention will help to build resiliency in these children (Iwaniec, Larkin & Higgins,
Fantuzzo, Boruch, Beriama, Atkins and Markus (1997) found that there is age vulnerability according to the risk for witnessing IPV. The younger the children are, the higher the risk for exposure to more forms of violence and for witnessing IPV. Kilpatrick and Williams (1998) found in their study that most of the children exposed to Intimate Partner Violence were up to 4 years old. Jarvis, Gordon and Novaco (2005) have shown that children in the age of 2 or 3 years old are often the victims when it comes to IPV.
Bernstein (2000) had a theory that younger children have a more limited cognitive ability and they are less able to cope with events as IPV than older children. …show more content…
For younger children a positive relationship with the mother was a protective factor in decreasing the effects of IPV (Grych, Raynor & Fosco, 2004). On the contrary a negative mother-child relationship was associated with the severity of IPV in children ages 3 to 5 (Johnson & Lieberman, 2007). Turner and Kopiec (2006) found in their study that there was a positive correlation between alcohol abuse and depression and the adult’s history of IPV. This was still the case after controlling for other factors involved like demographic factors, divorce of parents and the parent’s direct experience with child abuse. Levendosky and Graham-Bermann (2001) compared families without IPV to families with IPV. They found that traumatic stress and mother’s depression were linked to the relationship between parenting difficulties and exposure to …show more content…
Family interventions can also support the recovery and healing process for these children. These interventions are successful if they seek to change the attitudes of the child about violence, reduce the anxiety and self-blame and increase appropriate social behavior and self-esteem (Graham-Bermann, 2000). Shepard (1992) found that interventions that strengthen and protect the mother’s mental health can be effective in helping children exposed to violence. The most important intervention found for children exposed to violence is building support across community, schools and families. This intervention will help to build resiliency in these children (Iwaniec, Larkin & Higgins,