First, experiencing violence would place women at greater risk for mental health problems as compared with women with no violence history. Second, the risk of mental health problems would be greater for those who experienced multiple types of violence as compared with a single type. Third, the relations would remain stable over the 2-year period. Lastly, recent violent events were expected to be associated with past-year mental health problems above what was predicted by lifetime history of violence. (Hedtke et al., 2008, p. 235). The independent variables in this study are the type of violence history. There are three variables; sexual assault, physical assault, and witnessed violence. The dependent variables are the mental health outcomes; Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), Major Depression Episode (MDE), and substance abuse problems. The authors provided a directional hypothesis stating the greater amount of violence that women experience, the greater amount of mental health problems than women who do not experience …show more content…
First the researchers calculated the prevalence of violence and diagnostic outcomes. Second,they examined relations between violence categories and past-year diagnoses at Wave 1 and Wave 3 after controlling demographics. Third, they assessed differences in the prevalence of past-year mental health and substance use problems separately at Wave 1 and Wave 3 relative to the number of different types of violence experienced during the lifetime. (Hedtke et al., 2008, p.