Introduction
Interhalogen compounds are molecules containing two or more different halogen atoms. The general formula for interhalogen consists of XYn, where n is equal to 1,3,5 or 7 and the central halogen, X, being less electronegative than halogen Y results in the formation of polarized covalent bonds. This experiment consisted of using experimental techniques to synthesize and decompose highly reactive, thus unstable, interhalogens that seemingly violate the octet rule.
Synthesis reaction:
KClO3 + I2 + 6HCl → KCl + 2ICl3 + 3H2O
Decomposition reaction:
I2Cl6 → 2ICl + 2Cl2
The halogens used within this experiment consisted of Iodine and Chlorine to produce an oxidizing reagent Iodine trichloride. Due to electron orbitals and their interactions …show more content…
The flask was then held in place by a clap within a warm water bath that sustained a temperature of 35–37oC and then covered with a cap. Over a 30-minute period a total of 1mL of HCl within a graduated cylinder was added drop wise into the Erlenmeyer flask. A yellow-orange (ish) solution began to form over this 30-minute period and a purple gas was also slightly noticeable. This gas is iodine that sublimates (changes from solid to gas passing through the liquid phase). The 25mL Erlenmeyer flask was left within the warm water bath for an additional 10 minutes to fully stir. The solution began to appear more yellowish during the end of 10-minute period. After 10 minutes the content from the Erlenmeyer flask was than transferred to one of the empty test tubes. This test tube was then placed within a 250mL ice-bath beaker. The solution began forming iodine crystals during the ice bath. After 4-minutes the aqueous layer from the test tube was removed into a second empty test tube once no more iodine crystals were forming leaving behind a precipitate layer. A few drops of hot ethanol were added to the second test tube to dissolve the precipitate. The aqueous solution was then transferred into a third empty test tube leaving behind the undissolved white solid. The temperature for the third test tube was …show more content…
A few errors that can occur during this lab are not maintain the correct temperature of the warm water bath between 35-40oC and not adding HCl slowly. By not maintaining the temperature and adding HCl not at a correct pace will increase the decomposition of ICl3 and it will not synthesize correctly. The spectrometer will provide graphs where the second hump is greater than the first through all three graphs. Between the three graphs based on this error, the data will stay the same. This indicates that there were no ICl3 present since the decomposition occurred at such a fast rate. To prevent this error from occurring, the temperature must be monitored and maintained between 35-40oC and HCl must be added at a slow
Interhalogen compounds are molecules containing two or more different halogen atoms. The general formula for interhalogen consists of XYn, where n is equal to 1,3,5 or 7 and the central halogen, X, being less electronegative than halogen Y results in the formation of polarized covalent bonds. This experiment consisted of using experimental techniques to synthesize and decompose highly reactive, thus unstable, interhalogens that seemingly violate the octet rule.
Synthesis reaction:
KClO3 + I2 + 6HCl → KCl + 2ICl3 + 3H2O
Decomposition reaction:
I2Cl6 → 2ICl + 2Cl2
The halogens used within this experiment consisted of Iodine and Chlorine to produce an oxidizing reagent Iodine trichloride. Due to electron orbitals and their interactions …show more content…
The flask was then held in place by a clap within a warm water bath that sustained a temperature of 35–37oC and then covered with a cap. Over a 30-minute period a total of 1mL of HCl within a graduated cylinder was added drop wise into the Erlenmeyer flask. A yellow-orange (ish) solution began to form over this 30-minute period and a purple gas was also slightly noticeable. This gas is iodine that sublimates (changes from solid to gas passing through the liquid phase). The 25mL Erlenmeyer flask was left within the warm water bath for an additional 10 minutes to fully stir. The solution began to appear more yellowish during the end of 10-minute period. After 10 minutes the content from the Erlenmeyer flask was than transferred to one of the empty test tubes. This test tube was then placed within a 250mL ice-bath beaker. The solution began forming iodine crystals during the ice bath. After 4-minutes the aqueous layer from the test tube was removed into a second empty test tube once no more iodine crystals were forming leaving behind a precipitate layer. A few drops of hot ethanol were added to the second test tube to dissolve the precipitate. The aqueous solution was then transferred into a third empty test tube leaving behind the undissolved white solid. The temperature for the third test tube was …show more content…
A few errors that can occur during this lab are not maintain the correct temperature of the warm water bath between 35-40oC and not adding HCl slowly. By not maintaining the temperature and adding HCl not at a correct pace will increase the decomposition of ICl3 and it will not synthesize correctly. The spectrometer will provide graphs where the second hump is greater than the first through all three graphs. Between the three graphs based on this error, the data will stay the same. This indicates that there were no ICl3 present since the decomposition occurred at such a fast rate. To prevent this error from occurring, the temperature must be monitored and maintained between 35-40oC and HCl must be added at a slow