Interdependence is the dependence of every living organism on all other living things and natural resources in the environment including, air water, and soil. This includes both abiotic and biotic factors. These organisms need each other to live. Without interdependence, the whole food web would collapse. Mutualism Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to both species in the relationship.…
You will need to produce an information booklet for new parents. Within this book you will need to explain the settling in procedure of the setting and attachment theories. You will need to explain in detail the reasons behind your settling in process, and why it is important for the children. You will need to consider the following Attachment Theorists in your booklet: • John Bowlby • Mary Ainsworth • Main and Solomon…
ESSAY 1: What Would You Do For A Crying Baby? Ng Xin-Ru, Victoria 1403271H Crying suggests a physiological maturational development, which requires adjustment and adaptation. Crying is not a signal for help or relief, as it does not require intervention (Thomson & Leeds, 2014). Infants communicate their needs to their caregiver through crying (Soltis, 2004), thus, being able to evaluate the infant’s cries is an important skill for caregivers to develop.…
Dawn’s behavior from an attachment point of view According to Ainsworth (1967, p. 429), an attachment is more than overt behavior, it is internal, "being built into the nervous system…” and Bowlby conceptualized attachment as a biologically based repertoire of organized behaviors (eg, infants’ crying, smiling, clinging and proximity seeking). The unfamiliar environments for Dawn having to share her mother with the new baby have left her alone, directing her to certain behaviors toward the parents to gain attention, protection and feeling of safety. Dawn has presenting unwanted behaviors to master the new environment. The parents are unavailable and the harsh rejection is associated with the child’s insecurity and attachment difficulties.…
I believe the purpose of education is to give students the necessary skills to reach one’s full potential. In Achievement of Desire by Richard Rodriguez, the author tells how his involvement with education caused him to become disconnected from his family. Because there were no minority studies, the author’s education caused him to become isolated from his family while also disconnecting him from his culture; however, today the emergence of intersectional perspectives allows minorities to understand their culture and create deeper connections with their communities. Unfortunately, my family's background consists of poverty, drug and alcohol abuse, and death.…
Psychologically speaking, as humans, we are wired to think that we have the freedom to act and do based upon our own self judgment. For simplistic reasons, let’s assume that this “freedom” is analogous to free will which is a philosophical idea in which to act freely is to have multiple open futures and possibilities, or to be able to choose between many different choices. Determinism is the belief that every event (including action, choices, and decisions) is the inevitable result of a causal chain of events. In other words, a choice with an action (A) is the inevitable result of an earlier action of an earlier choice. This principle presents a problem for the concept of free will.…
Throughout this essay I will be discussing the significance of attachment theory for social work practitioners and how they can implement this to develop emotional functioning with younger children. In addition I will examine how the theory has changed and progressed since John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth first “attempts to examine the psychological effects of early relationships” ( Goldberg,2000, pg3) to more contemporary approach such as Michael Rutter’s book on “Maternal Deprivation reassessed” critiquing Bowlby and the development in neuroscience. Attachment theory can be defined as a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Bowlby 1969, p. 194). John Bowlby, “a British psychoanalyst’ work attempted to understand the…
If the causes of one to perform an action were simple, then one would deem his actions as necessary because they could instantly recall the cause that is forcing them to perform that action. Meaning if all causes were simple, then everyone would believe their action was forced, so no one would believe they are a free agent. Due to the complexity of the causes that lead one to behave a certain way. people tend to believe they are a free agents because they cannot recall the cause of their action. If you cannot recall the cause of an action, therefore you made the action of your own free will.…
In today’s society, not much thought goes into how an author finds his or her voice. Many think of it as a “natural” talent or something someone’s born with, but that is not the case. Only a few people understand the process behind developing one’s voice. Even though discovering one’s voice and identity are not normally viewed as abusive, in some cases the process behind it can be detrimental to one’s character. In Barbara Mellix’s personal essay “From Outside, In” and Richard Rodriguez’s “The Achievement of Desire,” both of the authors discover their writing voices due to their childhoods, which left them with psychological consequences affecting them throughout various points of their lives.…
Developmental theories are commonly utilized to provide a framework for understanding children’s behavior (Miller, 2011). Among these theories are John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory and Erik Erikson’s theory on psychosocial development. Bowlby’s Attachment theory explains how children develop an attachment to another individual. The term attachment is described as a dynamic relationship that is formed through the experience of interactions with others (Miller, 2011). On the other hand, Erikson’s theory proposes that children experience a universal set of crises as they develop an identity throughout their lifespan (Miller, 2011).…
Attachment The Attachment Theory maintains that the bond between an infant and his or her primary caregiver greatly influences personality, cognitive ability, and relationships throughout life. Psychologist Mary Ainsworth studied attachment patterns through an experiment known as the Strange Situation in which a mother left a child in a room for short period of time either alone or with a stranger; the child’s behavior was assessed when the mother left and when she returned. Three different patterns were observed. They are secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambivalent attachment.…
Psychological theories focus on the instinctive and psychological qualities of those who abuse. It is abnormalities that the individual abuser is responsible for abuse, for example, abusive parents may themselves have been abuse in childhood (Corby 2000). Attachment theory comes from the work of Bowlby (1951) who carried out research into the nature and effects of maternal lack on young children. He theorized that any significant separation of a child from the mother in the first five years of life could lead to a variety of psychological and social difficulties in later life since proper bonding and attachment to the mother was crucial if a child was to benefit from physical protection and psychological security. Until the mid 1980s, attachment…
The premise only states that if you accept determinism, you must accept that all events are caused. Premise (2) follows from our definition of free will. If we believe that every event is caused, human choices are no different. Our choices are also caused; therefore, if we accept that all events are caused by previous events then we have no free…
Inspired by a true story, the film The Pursuit of Happiness is about a hardworking salesman and father named Chris Gardner. Throughout the whole movie, you see his journey from being a broke and homeless salesman to a millionaire stockbroker. In the beginning of the movie, his wife Linda, and their son, Christopher, are both introduced and we see that they lived in San Francisco, California. Chris’s occupation was attempting to sell an expensive, portable Osteo National bone-density scanners which he spent all his family’s savings on. From the start, his wife wasn’t too happy about this investment.…
Able et al. (2001) have conducted research on various sleeping arrangements in different ethnic groups; Pakeha, Maori, Pacific people which include Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islander and Niuean with their infants under 12 month in New Zealand. This essay focuses on the comparison in infant sleeping arrangements among different culture. Moreover, further discussion of attachment theory in which mainly focusing on Ainsworth (1979) research findings and a hypothesis on relationships between maternal behavior and infant behavior with its effect on various sleeping arrangements.…