C) Defense
There is very good scientific evidence for the evolving, ordered appearance of species, from simple to complex. The theory of evolution, though, even if it is accepted, can only explain so much. A specific set of conditions must be in place in order for evolutionary processes to get going: the universe must contain certain natural patterns, the environment must be able to support some primitive forms of life, and the organisms must be capable of reproducing …show more content…
There are two features of that phone that reliably show that it is the product of an intelligent design. First, it performs a valuable function; the fact that the phone turns on and is able to make a call is something that has worth to an intelligent agent. Second, the phone could not complete this function if its parts and mechanisms were differently sized or arranged. The fact that the ability of a phone to make a call depends on the precise shape, size, and arrangement of its parts, suggests that the phone has these characteristics because some intelligent agency designed it to these conditions (Himma). Taken together, these two characteristics provide the phone with an ingenious complexity that clearly has an intelligent designer. If we apply this example to how we see the world around us, we realize that the universe had to have been created by