Part of the issues, regarding marginalization (e.g., Eells, 1933; Pasamanick & Knobloch, 1955) stem from the non-ascription of any indicative conflicts between ethics and law – during those times. It was not until 1959, where a legitimate code (e.g., Principle 3: Moral and Legal Standards) was predominantly attributing a form of responsibility between the psychologist and the client/student/colleagues (American Psychological Association [PDF file], n.d.). Insofar, it was not until 1974, where an Institutional Review Board (IRB) would initiate a secured and regulatory mechanism of protecting human subjects (IRB Guidebook: Introduction, n.d.). Therefore, a clear lack of parental informed consent and child assent, including the possible over-testing
