The Eurosta solidaginis is an abundant insect in North America. Insect fly larvae find home in goldenrod plants, leaving a swelling in the plant tissue and secreting compounds it creates a gall. Although most galls are inhibited by gall fly larvae it can also be inhibited by an obtuse wasp, (Eurytoma obtusiventris), giant wasp, (Eurytoma gigantean), or beetle, (Mordellistena unicolor). Wasps will inject its eggs inside the already occupied gall and the wasp larva will eat the fly larva (Weiss, 1998). The relationship between the plant and insect larvae is parasitic. The larvae is provided with food and shelter from the goldenrods, and the plants receives no gain. The gall offers little protection from birds, the birds will peck into
