Introduction
During adolescence, children go through a lot of changes, including physical, biological, and emotional, that can impact their psychological and behavioral developmental. Although there are many variables that play a role in their development such as their genes, peers, culture, and gender, it is believed that parents are the major factors that impact their children’s development. Many studies have been conducted in order to discover the different parenting styles in existence as well as their effects on the psychological and behavioral development of children. Diana Baumrind, a psychological researcher, conducted a study in the 1960s about parenting styles in which she discovered the four main factors that when combined in different …show more content…
Tiller, B.S., M.E. Betsy Garrison, Ph.D., Elizabeth Benchea Block, MPH, Kathryn Cramer, M.S., and Vicky Tiller, M.S. conducted a study and wrote a research paper on their findings entitled “The Influence of Parenting Styles on Children’s Cognitive Development.” Their study hypothesized that there was a direct correlation between parenting styles and child outcomes. They tested their hypothesis with a sample of 281 first and third graders and their parents. The parents were given the Primary Caregivers Practices Report with 10 items omitted and were assessed on their answers (Tiller et al.). The results of the report showed which parenting style each parent scored highest in. The children were given the Brief Intellectual Ability test from the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability to measure their cognitive ability. The results of the Primary Caregivers Practices Report state that the mothers’ “authoritarian scores ranged from 17 to 55; the permissive scores ranged from 7 to 34; and the authoritative scores ranged from 21 to 96” and the fathers’ “authoritarian scores ranged from18 to 62; the permissive scores ranged from 13 to 37; and the authoritative scores ranged from 58 to 96.” (Tiller et al.). As for the Brief Intellectual Ability test the children took, the “scores ranged from 66 to 148 for children with participating mothers and from 79 to 148 for children with participating fathers…” These results did not show much significance and were hard to interpret; …show more content…
Weisz conducted a meta-analysis of 47 studies and wrote a paper on their findings entitles “Parental Caregiving and Child Externalizing Behavior in Nonclinical Samples: A Meta-Analysis.” A meta-analysis, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is “a quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance.” Rothbaum’s article mainly analyzed the research papers that focused on correlations with parenting styles and child externalizing behavior but also took into account and analyzed other variables such as the types of behaviors that the children were externalizing, where the data was derived from, the setting in which the behaviors were assessed, and the family characteristics i.e. socioeconomic status. Rothbaum and the other researchers theorized that the result of research that stated that specific parenting styles had an effect on child development and were a direct cause of behavioral problems depended on some of the aforesaid variables. The results of this research produced five significant findings (Rothbaum). The first finding was that the results of interviews and observations were significantly more accurate than questionnaires. The second finding was that studies testing multiple parental variables rather than one or a few revealed more significant results. The third finding was that older children tended to develop behavioral problems due to their
During adolescence, children go through a lot of changes, including physical, biological, and emotional, that can impact their psychological and behavioral developmental. Although there are many variables that play a role in their development such as their genes, peers, culture, and gender, it is believed that parents are the major factors that impact their children’s development. Many studies have been conducted in order to discover the different parenting styles in existence as well as their effects on the psychological and behavioral development of children. Diana Baumrind, a psychological researcher, conducted a study in the 1960s about parenting styles in which she discovered the four main factors that when combined in different …show more content…
Tiller, B.S., M.E. Betsy Garrison, Ph.D., Elizabeth Benchea Block, MPH, Kathryn Cramer, M.S., and Vicky Tiller, M.S. conducted a study and wrote a research paper on their findings entitled “The Influence of Parenting Styles on Children’s Cognitive Development.” Their study hypothesized that there was a direct correlation between parenting styles and child outcomes. They tested their hypothesis with a sample of 281 first and third graders and their parents. The parents were given the Primary Caregivers Practices Report with 10 items omitted and were assessed on their answers (Tiller et al.). The results of the report showed which parenting style each parent scored highest in. The children were given the Brief Intellectual Ability test from the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability to measure their cognitive ability. The results of the Primary Caregivers Practices Report state that the mothers’ “authoritarian scores ranged from 17 to 55; the permissive scores ranged from 7 to 34; and the authoritative scores ranged from 21 to 96” and the fathers’ “authoritarian scores ranged from18 to 62; the permissive scores ranged from 13 to 37; and the authoritative scores ranged from 58 to 96.” (Tiller et al.). As for the Brief Intellectual Ability test the children took, the “scores ranged from 66 to 148 for children with participating mothers and from 79 to 148 for children with participating fathers…” These results did not show much significance and were hard to interpret; …show more content…
Weisz conducted a meta-analysis of 47 studies and wrote a paper on their findings entitles “Parental Caregiving and Child Externalizing Behavior in Nonclinical Samples: A Meta-Analysis.” A meta-analysis, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is “a quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance.” Rothbaum’s article mainly analyzed the research papers that focused on correlations with parenting styles and child externalizing behavior but also took into account and analyzed other variables such as the types of behaviors that the children were externalizing, where the data was derived from, the setting in which the behaviors were assessed, and the family characteristics i.e. socioeconomic status. Rothbaum and the other researchers theorized that the result of research that stated that specific parenting styles had an effect on child development and were a direct cause of behavioral problems depended on some of the aforesaid variables. The results of this research produced five significant findings (Rothbaum). The first finding was that the results of interviews and observations were significantly more accurate than questionnaires. The second finding was that studies testing multiple parental variables rather than one or a few revealed more significant results. The third finding was that older children tended to develop behavioral problems due to their