Table 2 shows that increasing performance decreases the probability of turnover, which is consistent with theory and literature. Bigger companies tend to have a higher probability of turnover. Higher power distance index is correlated with lower probability of turnover, meaning CEO is more secure and is being challenged less. Long Term Orientation leads to a lower probability of turnover. Having a long term orientation decreases as it gives CEO more time to improve her performance and makes decisions that may have negative effects in short term and positive effects in long term on firm’s performance. Being in a civil law country decreases the probability of turnover i.e. CEOs are being replaced less frequently in the countries where the civil law legal system is in place. The higher
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The main dummy variable is LTO dummy which is equal to 1 if the LTO index is bigger than the U.S. LTO value and is zero otherwise. I use two more dummies as robustness check in table 4-c and table 4-d. The first one is based on the median value, those with index bigger than median have the dummy equal to 1. The second dummy is based on the ratio of the index over US index. If the ratio is bigger than 2 then dummy is equal to 1.
The coefficient on the interaction term between the ADR and performance is negative and significant when the LTO dummy is equal to 1. It suggests that cross-listed firms from countries with the higher LTO value become more sensitive to the poor performance compared with the non-cross-listed firms from the same country. For the firms in the countries with lower than US LTO index, the interaction term is positive, which means the firms become less sensitive to the poor performance.
In Table 4-b I run the same regression for the sample without Canadian firms and the results hold without any change. In table 4-c and 4-d I run robustness with different long term orientation measures and find the similar
The main dummy variable is LTO dummy which is equal to 1 if the LTO index is bigger than the U.S. LTO value and is zero otherwise. I use two more dummies as robustness check in table 4-c and table 4-d. The first one is based on the median value, those with index bigger than median have the dummy equal to 1. The second dummy is based on the ratio of the index over US index. If the ratio is bigger than 2 then dummy is equal to 1.
The coefficient on the interaction term between the ADR and performance is negative and significant when the LTO dummy is equal to 1. It suggests that cross-listed firms from countries with the higher LTO value become more sensitive to the poor performance compared with the non-cross-listed firms from the same country. For the firms in the countries with lower than US LTO index, the interaction term is positive, which means the firms become less sensitive to the poor performance.
In Table 4-b I run the same regression for the sample without Canadian firms and the results hold without any change. In table 4-c and 4-d I run robustness with different long term orientation measures and find the similar