Researchers agree that parental involvement is a form of investment made by parents for the future benefit of their children (Smits and Hosgor, 2006). The more confidence parents instil in their children regarding success in school, the greater their involvement in their children’s education (Eliason and Jenkins, 2003), parental involvement practices, regardless of other practices …show more content…
There are a number of researchers who promote theories of parental empowerment, equity and social-cultural capital as predictors of how and why parents become involved in their children’s education. The literature revealed that an empowered parent is able to be a change agent who knows how to navigate the educational systems, solve problems and successfully advocate for the needs of their children’s (Lareau and shumar, 1996). Another unconventional approach to measuring parental involvement included the equity framework. Many researchers have focused on the achievement gap associated with socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity (Desimone, 2006, Lareau, 1987; Lee & Nowen, 2006). The cultural capital refers to amarsing knowledge, influence and power (Lee & Bowne,