Iboga

Improved Essays
The pounding drums overwhelm the young, eager Babongo boy, crumpling him to his knees in front of the turbulent flames. Red-and-white-paint smeared faces flicker behind the flames, as the fire-illuminated forms of their dancing relaxes the boy, their incantations filling the emptiness of the night. The wise N’ganga steadily approaches, and forces into the boy’s mouth a chewy, acidic-tasting compound: ibogaine. A mirror is placed at the base of the flames and the boy looks at his wavering, distorted image, his senses mixing synergistically to reveal an underlying, convoluted image that speaks to him in a calming tone: the spirit of the iboga. Suddenly, convulsions overtake his body as he follows the spirit through an introspective hallucination …show more content…
With iboga, you live God.” For the Bwiti tribes of Gabon and Cameroon, iboga is the sacred essence of their religion. In the religion’s initiation ritual described above, tribe members consume massive amounts of ibogaine from a powdered iboga root bark indigenous to West Africa in order to trigger acute visions of the “other world.” Ibogaine and its intense visions, often described as “ten years of psychoanalysis in one night,” are due to its psychedelic nature, a result of it being an indole alkaloid (formula C20H26N2O) that has the capacity to affect countless neurotransmitters. It is this very behavior of ibogaine that signals its potential as an anti-addictive compound. Dr. Carl Anderson from Mclean Hospital in 1998 noted this in an essay where he contended that a disrupted relationship between the brain’s hemispheres leads to addiction and that ibogaine can positively act as a “bihemispheric reintegrator.” The unique manner in which ibogaine acts as a molecular key to addiction receptors ultimately resets patterns and hampers the feedback loops that augment dependency. Ibogaine may be entheogenic, but modern science has allowed us to evolve one of the most hallucinogenic drugs to interrupt the addictive effects of some of the world’s most dangerous

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    Somebody once said that "You sometimes have to lose somebody before you can finally know what they mean to you." "The Scarlet Ibis", a short story written by James Hurst, is primarily focusing on a disabled, yet compassionate young boy named Doodle who is being pushed to overcome many obstacles in life by the narrator, Brother. This encouragement and pushing for Doodle to succeed out of Brother's pride leads to the mournful death of Doodle after Brother fails to stay with him during the storm. The images of the fallen Scarlet Ibis and Doodle's death help to convey the somber yet sympathetic mood. The image of the fallen Ibis initially creates the sympathetic mood.…

    • 649 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As some people develop addictions to drugs, and not others, it’s interesting to think about why. Robinson and Berridge go into many complex neurological explanations for this issue, mainly involving animals, but that can, however, carry over into humans. Why certain people can start taking an addictive drug and stop when they so choose, and why others cannot, is interesting to think about. As no two people are the same, there’s obviously not a single, distinctive way to determine a definite cause. It is interesting that both negative and positive reinforcement had been considered as possible descriptions for drug addictions, as they would appear to be opposites.…

    • 254 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Leanne Betasamoskae Simpson’s Stories and Songs of Islands of Decolonial Love (2015), “caged” tells the story of giigaa bizhiw, nishnaabemowi for bobcat. I believe that Bizhiw represents the resilience and strength of the indigenous people. Although she is kept in a cage in the zoo, she manages to remain a strategist and a warrior who does not lose connection with her culture and ancestors. Her relationship with Nabaabak and love that she feels help her put the puzzle together and make the cage fade. The zoo represents the colonial attempts to assimilate the indigenous people, but its inhabitants are still able to demonstrate strength, resilience and resistance as well as importance of love and relationships.…

    • 783 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A study that combined therapy with the psychoactive component from magic mushrooms was recently reviewed and it has been concluded that it’s a safe and effective treatment for conditions related to anxiety, depression, and addiction. It could even be better than most of the current forms of treatment. Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound from magic mushrooms that acts as a drug that can dramatically enhance the lives of people who suffer from incapacitating psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. And according to the findings of the research, the full impact of psilocybin still needs to be further explored.…

    • 662 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The mind is a dangerous place. Supernatural premises and concrete beliefs lead to an explanation for anything gone wrong. A kidnapping as quick as lightning. A whistle in the woods. Sounds in your house like a fox scuttling about, a hand grabbing you from behind only to see nothing behind you.…

    • 1452 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Paul Stoller’s book In Sorcery’s Shadow takes the reader through an awe-inspiring journey into the life of the Songhay in Niger. Stoller encounters many fascinating individuals during his time exploring the Songhay and their ways of life. Paul Stoller describes the people he encounters in great detail, allowing the reader to truly get a sense of how these people were. In the beginning of the book he describes dealing with the children of the Songhay.…

    • 1590 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Alkaloids are a group of nitrogen-containing compounds found primarily in plants. In fact, they are one of the largest assortments of chemical weapons produced by plants. “According to R.F. Raffauf, more than 10,000 different alkaloids have been discovered in species from over 300 plant families” (Fester, 2010). Although these chemicals are thought to have been present in our world long before humanity came into being, the structure of some alkaloids such as dopamine and serotonin are unmistakably comparable to the chemicals in our brains known as neurotransmitters whose job is to transmit information throughout our brain and body. Alkaloids have been used throughout history in a variety of ways including medicines, poisons, and drugs used to eliminate suffering.…

    • 1466 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Because the unfamiliar Ibo culture challenges the District Commissioner’s identity of omniscient, he subconsciously dehumanizes the Ibo people in an attempt to maintain his superiority. Because the Ibo culture is unfamiliar to him, the District Commissioner feels threatened by it. He considers the Ibo people’s “love of superfluous words” to be “infuriating” (206). The District Commissioner’s anger towards the Ibo customs is a result of him feeling provoked by new ideas.…

    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Disadvantages Of Flakka

    • 1135 Words
    • 5 Pages

    A new designer drug called “Flakka” also known as “gravel” in other areas of the country has hit the streets and is gaining massive popularity in South Florida. Flakka is inexpensive, exceptionally potent and is depicted as the succeeding generation of synthetic drugs. Users possess feelings of euphoria and delirium that is produced by imitating the stimulant cathinone (Calarco, 2015). Flakka is mainly produced with alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (Alpha-PVP), a synthetic stimulant initially developed in the 1960’s, and recognized as the equivalent form of chemical used to produce an alternative abused substance known as “bath salts” (Calarco, 2015). Similar to Flakka, bath salts contain artificial chemicals linked to amphetamine creating dangerous…

    • 1135 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    I decided that I would explore the Native American way of healing and their relations with the indigenous beliefs (religion). We first need to discuss about the difference between the terms illness and disease. According to Arthur Kleinman, the term disease is defined as the specific diagnose ailment while the term illness is the side effects of the disease treatment and impact on one’s sense of being.15 This is specifically important in Native American culture since they treat illness and disease differently. Their practices are based on the concept of “the man is part of the nature” and health is a matter of oneself balance regardless of their tribe. We will explore the Native American ways of healing using Peyote cactus by discussing their…

    • 1675 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As the aunty insists that they do not follow the schedules their father enforced on them, Kambili describes how her mouth ‘felt dry, my tongue clinging to the roof’ to emphasise her anxiety at the thought of going against her father and further highlighting to the reader the power and influence he has over their household as Kambili feels as if it is only her ‘shadow’ visiting her aunty. Additionally, when the cousins begin to sing through the rosary, the severe rules impacted on them by their father are stressed as Jaja’s…

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Iblad

    • 527 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The world building of Iblard is sufficient. they are like moment or fragment of memory that create an overall world. The world of Iblard is expanding along with new work that created by inoue. this is similar to the Harry Potter series created by JK Rowling. JK Rowling’s world, develop as each series proceed by leaving a space for the audience to imagine how harry potter grow up and face to more complicated circumstance following by the last incident.…

    • 527 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Specifically, the reason humans become addicted to a certain drug is because the drug tricks the brain into releasing pleasurable and rewarding chemicals which intrinsically reinforce the person into consuming it again and again. The moment one associates the drug use with these positive feelings, the behavior is learned. Based on the law of effect “behaviors leading to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened” (Powel & Honey & Symbaluk,, 2013, p. 215), therefore the positive reinforcement that comes after using a drug determines that this behavior will be repeated again. This cyclical pattern of drug use and positive reinforcement is clearly seen in Mark Lewis 's behavior throughout his life as an addict, described in his novel. Lewis himself has stated in an…

    • 1064 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The use of drugs by Native American Indians is a prevalent issue in today’s society and by looking at the history of these drugs we can find out why this problem remains (“Native American Drug Use Highest Among Teens, New Study Finds,” 1). There are three main drugs that American Indians used before European settlers began their voyages to America. They are, coca leaves, peyote, and tobacco. These three main drugs all have early origins among the American Indian people and are used as stimulants providing a high with the correct dosage. The first records we have of these drugs being used are when Columbus received gifts from the Native Americans containing tobacco (“The History of Tobacco,” 1).…

    • 1289 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In Hamlet, a ghost is seen on the castle grounds. This chapter discusses the mind and the reasons that provoke hallucinations. Hamlet lost in the sorrow of his father’s death must separate reality from illusion. These visions are a coping mechanism used to deal with grief and are a vital part of the human condition. Dr. Oliver Sacks was a professor of neurology at the NYU School of Medicine and the author of many books.…

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Decent Essays