A trauma patient sustains a crush injury and rapidly develops hyperkalemia. Which of the following treatments primarily acts to neutralize the effects of hyperkalemia on the cellular membrane?
A: Insulin and glucose
• This combination can be used to treat hyperkalemia however it does not work on the cellular membrane. Insulin lowers the serum potassium concentration by forcing the potassium back into the cell. This is done by enhancing the activity of the Na-K pump. The reason glucose is also administered at the same time is to hypoglycemia. B: Polystyrene sulfonate C: Calcium gluconate
• This is correct answer because calcium gluconate works by increasing threshold potential on the cellular membrane. By increasing the threshold potential …show more content…
The decision is made that hemodialysis is now medically indicated. The attending physician asks you, "What are the major renal functions that dialysis replaces?" You correctly tell the physician which of the following?
A: Increase in blood osmolarity and increase in blood pressure
B: Increase in vessel fluid level and removal of creatinine
C: Removal of extra solutes and fluid removal from the blood
• This is the correct answer because the main purpose of hemodialysis is to remove waste, salt and extra water that is building up in the body. These components build up in the body because the kidneys are no longer able to remove the extra fluid and solutes at a rate that is necessary. The indications to start dialysis is often based on the presence of uremia-related symptoms as well as the rate of GFR decline.
D: Removal of fluid and introduction of approrpiate solutes into the blood E: Removal of blood urea nitrogen and it raises potassium levels
• The reason this is the wrong answer is because dialysis is not performed to raise the potassium levels, rather to remove excess potassium, sodium and bicarbonate from the blood. One of the indications to start dialysis in an acute setting is
A: Insulin and glucose
• This combination can be used to treat hyperkalemia however it does not work on the cellular membrane. Insulin lowers the serum potassium concentration by forcing the potassium back into the cell. This is done by enhancing the activity of the Na-K pump. The reason glucose is also administered at the same time is to hypoglycemia. B: Polystyrene sulfonate C: Calcium gluconate
• This is correct answer because calcium gluconate works by increasing threshold potential on the cellular membrane. By increasing the threshold potential …show more content…
The decision is made that hemodialysis is now medically indicated. The attending physician asks you, "What are the major renal functions that dialysis replaces?" You correctly tell the physician which of the following?
A: Increase in blood osmolarity and increase in blood pressure
B: Increase in vessel fluid level and removal of creatinine
C: Removal of extra solutes and fluid removal from the blood
• This is the correct answer because the main purpose of hemodialysis is to remove waste, salt and extra water that is building up in the body. These components build up in the body because the kidneys are no longer able to remove the extra fluid and solutes at a rate that is necessary. The indications to start dialysis is often based on the presence of uremia-related symptoms as well as the rate of GFR decline.
D: Removal of fluid and introduction of approrpiate solutes into the blood E: Removal of blood urea nitrogen and it raises potassium levels
• The reason this is the wrong answer is because dialysis is not performed to raise the potassium levels, rather to remove excess potassium, sodium and bicarbonate from the blood. One of the indications to start dialysis in an acute setting is